Understanding Causation: Regularity and Counterfactual Approaches
The Regularity Approach to Causation
The regularity approach to causation focuses on broad principles and theories about causation as we understand it in objects. It separates what we can know from what is actually the case.
To begin understanding the regularity approach, we must consider the idea of causation and its origins. Epiphenomenal structures represent and capture the asymmetry of the causal relationship, doing justice to the complexity of causal structures. Therefore, the regularity approach
Read MoreGlossary of Ethical and Political Terms
Definitions
Key Terms
1) Hypothetical: Relating to a hypothesis, an assumption requiring proof.
2) Deontological: Pertaining to deontology, the study of duties and obligations, often within professional codes of ethics.
3) A posteriori/priori: After/before; having knowledge of something after/before experience.
4) Heteronomous/Autonomous: Accepting laws from others/governing oneself by one’s own laws.
5) Imperative: A command or order.
6) Dilemma: A situation requiring a choice between two difficult options.
Read MoreExploring Themes in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein
RESUM BREU
Frankenstein is written by Mary Shelley, tells the story of a monster created by a scientist and explores themes of life, death and man versus nature.
The monster has no name in the novel, due to Victor Frankenstein’s rejection of its creation.
The book tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a natural science student who creates a man from pieces of corpses and gives life to his creature. Frankenstein believes that by creating the Monster, he can discover the secrets of “life and death”,
Read MoreExploring Identity, Knowledge, and the Mind: A Comprehensive Guide
Personal Identity and Persistence •Personal Identity: question of person persistence across time, even through change. Theory 1: Same Matter • Matter seems neither sufficient nor necessary for identity.
• Counterexamples: Matter “recycling”, and limb loss, normal growth. Theory 2: Same Animal • “One thinker” argument: Here’s a thinking animal, but there’s only one thinker here, so I’m a thinking animal. If I’m this animal, I persist when and only when this animal persists. Theory
Philosophical Concepts and Ethical Theories Explained
Aesthetic attitude: way of looking at a work of art, or at a natural being, in order to achieve an aesthetic experience. Aesthetic experience: experience that takes place when an individual is in the presence of an aesthetic object (be it a work of art or a natural object). Aesthetic judgement: judgement used to give an aesthetic quality to an object, according to how much pleasure it gives the observer that is looking at it. Aesthetic object: object that is perceived to have aesthetic qualities.
Read MoreLaw 19983 on
1. Antropology (a general reflection on humandkind) states that human beings are multifaceted, and defines three areas of research:
> Physical anthropology is concerned with the biological aspects of human beings.
> Cultural anthropology studies human societies and cultures, and their development.
> Philosophical anthropology studies the origin and essence of human beings.
• The principle of cultural diversity:
No culture is superior to another. This helps avoid ethnocentrism and encourages