INTRO METAPHY. Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy  wich questions reality. Why do things and beings exist? What are they? Where do we came from? Our interest in metaphysics is as old as philosophy is. Even the earliest philosophers asked themselves metaphysical questions. Metaphysical doctrines have always been developed to oppose rival doctrines. Therefore, it is important to study opposing metaphysical doctrines at the same time. This will enhance our understanding of their opposing stances.

2. THE CIVIL WAR IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY

On 18 July 1936 started the Spanish Civil War, it lasted from July 18th 1936 to 1939.

It confronted 2 sides:

– The Francoist or military rebels, who wanted to overthrow the Republic, backed by the Church, right-wing parties (Ceda, Falange, Carlists), Conservative smallholders, big landowners and industrialists.

– The legally stablished Republic, backed by the Popular Front coalition parties, anarchists and communists, small bourgeoisie, peasants and workers.

On

DEFINE CULTURE: -Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a particular group of people. It encompasses the ideas, practices, and expressions of a society or community, including its language, religion, cuisine, social norms, music, art, literature, and more. Culture shapes the way people perceive and interpret the world, influencing their attitudes, traditions, and social interactions.

Culture is often transmitted from one generation to another

1. The origin of philosophy

 Nowadays, in the scientific era, some people question the usefulness of philosophy. In order to find out if it’s still relevant, we need to analyse the questions put forward by the first philosophers. This allows us to distinguish between philosophy as a way of thinking and philosophy as a discipline. 

Philosophy as a way of thinking is a human way of interacting with the world. It asks questions about the world around us, in order to find meaning. 

This way of thinking,