Cargo Ship Types and Classifications

Container Ships

Container Design and Construction

Open design for double bottom square shape to hold ballast tanks and pumps. Features advanced hydrodynamic hull shapes. Capacity is expressed in TEU’s.

Classification

By Generation:

  • 1st Generation: <1000 TEUs
  • 2nd Generation: <2000 TEUs
  • 3rd Generation: <3000 TEUs
  • 4th Generation: <6000 TEUs
  • 5th Generation: <8000 TEUs
  • 6th Generation: >8000 TEUs

By Service:

  • Feeder: <500 TEUs (Short Sea)
  • Feedermax: <1000 TEUs (Coastal)
  • Handy: <2000 TEUs (
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19th Century French Naturalism in Literature

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Heterogeneous Dispersed Systems: A Comprehensive Guide

Scattered Heterogeneous Systems

Introduction

Dispersions are systems that incorporate substances of different natures into a single formula. This versatility, combined with their physical properties, allows for easy handling and application. Most consist of dispersed systems such as emulsions, suspensions, gels, foams, and aerosols.

Scattered Heterogeneous Systems

Dispersed systems are classified based on the particle size of the dispersed phase. Solutions have a very small particle size and are homogeneous

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Powder Metallurgy: A Comprehensive Guide

Powder Metallurgy

Introduction

Powder metallurgy is the process of creating metal parts from metal powders. It involves heating the powder below its melting point, a process known as sintering, to bond the particles and enhance the product’s strength and properties. This method allows for the creation of parts with a mixture of metal powders, enabling the combination of materials like cobalt, tungsten, or graphite to achieve desired characteristics.

While powdered metal is more expensive than its solid

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Understanding Water Types and Characteristics

General Characteristics of Different Water Types

Freshwater

Freshwater has a low concentration of dissolved salts, making it tasteless. It’s primarily found on land, in ice, and in the atmosphere. However, there are various types of freshwater based on their unique characteristics.

Hard Water and Soft Water

Freshwater can be categorized into hard water and soft water depending on the dissolved salts and ions. Hard water contains high levels of positive ions, mainly calcium and magnesium. These ions

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Pharmaceutical Sciences: Key Concepts and Technologies

Factors Affecting Immunity

Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis is the process of engulfing bacterial mass, whether living or dead. The body cells responsible for this process are called phagocytes. There are two types of phagocytes:

  1. Cells of the reticuloendothelial system
  2. White blood cells

Antibody Production

Phagocytosis alone is not a reliable method for destroying pathogens. The body produces other substances for protection, called antibodies. Antibodies are substances formed in the body in response to foreign

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