Pediatric Medication Dosage Calculation Practice
1. Tylenol Dosage Calculation
Order: 115 mg Tylenol Elixir.
Available: 80 mg/mL concentration.
- a) Volume to draw up: 1.44 mL (115 mg / 80 mg/mL = 1.4375 mL).
- b) Safety check: The safe dose is 10–15 mg/kg. The child weighs 20 lbs (9.1 kg). The safe range is 91–136.5 mg per dose. Yes, the order is safe.
2. Gentamycin Dosage and Concentration
Order: 60 mg IV q4h.
Available: 80 mg / 2 mL.
- a) Volume to draw up: 1.5 mL (60 mg / 80 mg * 2 mL = 1.5 mL).
- b) Final concentration in 50 mL bag: 1.2 mg/mL (60 mg /
Principles of Fluid Mechanics and Particle Size Reduction
Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals
A fluid is a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress.
Types of Fluids
- Ideal fluid: An imaginary, incompressible fluid with zero viscosity that does not exist in reality.
- Real fluid: All fluids that possess viscosity.
- Newtonian fluid: Fluids that obey Newton’s law of viscosity.
- Non-Newtonian fluid: Fluids that do not obey Newton’s law of viscosity.
- Ideal plastic fluid: Fluids where shear stress is proportional to the velocity gradient, provided
Pharmaceutical Heat Transfer, Drying and Size Reduction FAQ
1. Reynolds Number and Importance
1. What is Reynolds number? Give its importance. Reynolds number is a dimensionless number used to predict flow patterns in fluid dynamics. It is the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. A low Reynolds number indicates laminar flow, while a high number indicates turbulent flow. It helps in designing and analyzing fluid flow systems.
2. Heat Exchangers and Types
2. What are heat exchangers? Give their types. Heat exchangers are devices used to transfer heat between
Read MorePharmacy Evolution in India: History and Practice
History and Development of Pharmacy in India
1. Ancient Period (Before 1000 AD)
The origin of pharmacy in India traces back to the Vedic period. Medicines were primarily prepared from plants, minerals, and animal products.
Ayurvedic System
Ayurveda is India’s oldest medical system.
- Drugs were prepared in forms such as churna (powders), kwatha (decoctions), asava–arishta (fermented preparations), taila (oils), and ghrita (ghee-based medicines).
Important Classical Texts:
- Charaka Samhita – Focuses mainly
Traditional Medicine, Pharmacognosy and Crude Drugs for Natural Health
Traditional Medicine Systems
Traditional medicine systems are ancient practices that utilize natural remedies, spiritual therapies, and manual techniques to promote health and well-being.
Examples of Traditional Systems
- Ayurveda
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
- Unani (Middle East and South Asia)
Ayurveda
Ayurveda is an ancient Indian system of traditional medicine that emphasizes natural healing, balance, and holistic well-being.
Benefits
- Holistic approach
- Natural and non-invasive
- Personalized medicine
Applications
- Health
Medical Laboratory Technologist: Roles, Ethics & Safety
Role of a Medical Laboratory Technologist (MLT)
A Medical Laboratory Technologist (MLT) plays a vital role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases by performing laboratory investigations accurately and efficiently.
Major Roles and Functions
Sample Collection and Handling
- Collects blood, urine, stool, and other body fluids using aseptic techniques.
- Proper labeling, storage, and transportation of samples to avoid errors.
Performance of Laboratory Tests
- Performs biochemical, hematological,