Galician Language: History, Evolution, and Current Status

History of the Galician Language in the 20th Century

Before the Civil War

This period saw two opposing processes regarding the legacy of the previous century:

  • The upper classes began to abandon Galician, a trend later followed by the lower classes. As people moved from rural areas to cities, and due to emigration, the Galician-speaking population decreased significantly.
  • Efforts were made for Galician language recovery, not only for literary use but also for social activities. This led to the creation
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David Hume and the Enlightenment Era

The Enlightenment: Context for Hume’s Philosophy

The historical context for the thought of David Hume (1711-1776) is the eighteenth century, a period widely known as the “Enlightenment.” This era essentially spans the entire eighteenth century, particularly from 1688—when the Whig Revolution triumphed in England—until 1789—the year of the French Revolution. However, it’s important to note that the Enlightenment developed at different times and acquired peculiar characteristics in each country.

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Global Political Systems: Constitutions, Governance, and Society

This document familiarizes students with key aspects of various global political systems, examining their unwritten or written constitutions, social and economic makeup, party and electoral systems, and forms of governance. It offers a powerful case study in how historical experiences, social dynamics, and institutional arrangements shape modern governance across diverse nations.

United Kingdom: Political System and Evolution

Britain, officially known as the United Kingdom (UK), is a union of four

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Spain’s ‘Revolution from Above’: Maura and Canalejas Era

The “Revolution from Above”: Maura and Canalejas’s Reforms

With some nuances, Maura and Canalejas shared a common purpose, albeit with different programs. They sought to transform the political system from the top down, led by those at the helm of the Liberal and Conservative parties.

The Liberal Party: From Clientelism to Ideological Blurring

The Liberal Party had historically been characterized by its focus on clientelism and regional interests. Following Canalejas’s death, the party’s ideological

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Spain’s 1869 Constitution: Liberal Reforms & Legacy

Spain’s 1869 Constitution: Progressive Reforms

Genesis and Core Principles

Context of the 1868 Revolution

This authentic historical document, the Constitution of 1869, was drafted by deputies in the Constituent Assembly after the progressives won the election in 1868. Liberals were among the more moderate elements of the revolutionary movement.

Pillars of the New Charter

This constitution was progressive in nature. It established the national sovereignty of Spain as a state and as a parliamentary monarchy.

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Accident Investigation Process: Preventing Recurrence

Any accident investigation seeks to discover as accurately as possible the circumstances and risk situations that led to its occurrence. The goal is to identify causes by understanding the facts. To achieve this, the investigation should follow five successive stages: data collection, data integration, determination of causes, selection of main causes, and management of causes. The ultimate aim is to eliminate the accident’s determinants, prevent recurrence, and apply lessons learned to enhance

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