Cultural Impact on International Business Practices
**Control Mechanisms in Strategic Alliances**
Nomination and Appointment of Key Personnel
- Control requires knowledge of events and circumstances.
- Such knowledge is most readily available to the alliance’s parents if they supply key personnel to run or monitor operations or critical functions such as marketing, R&D, or corporate finance.
Meetings of the Board of Directors
- Although a majority equity holder is in an advantageous position in terms of composition and representation on the board, a minority
Marvin Harris on Work Evolution: Hunter-Gatherers to Agriculture
Work According to Marvin Harris
Hunter-Gatherer Societies: 3-Hour Workdays and Shared Resources
Marvin Harris argued that work evolved in a way that ultimately hurt working people. Hunter-gatherer peoples worked approximately 3 hours daily. When they hunted prey, all members of the group were of little use, and no one was privileged with respect to the rest of the tribe. Thus, the prevailing morality was based on sharing and solidarity. Selfish behavior did not have any utility in hunter-gatherer
Read MoreCriminal Policies: A Comparative Analysis of Trends and Outcomes
Comparing Criminal Policies
Outcomes, Trends, and Determinants
Phases and Actors of Criminal Policy
A criminal policy starts with criminalization (policymakers), continues with crime control (policymakers, police, and prosecution services), adjudication (prosecution services and courts), and sentencing and punishment (policymakers, courts, and prisons). The last three phases constitute penal policies stricto sensu. Crime prevention involves actors from the whole public sector, including the criminal
Read MoreUnderstanding Social Groups, Family Structures, and Societal Concepts
Social Groups and Interactions
- Social Group: A group of individuals who interact and communicate with each other, share common goals and standards, and have a feeling of group identity.
- Reference Group: A group (to which one may or may not belong) that a person or group uses as a basis for evaluating their own behavior, values, and attitudes.
- Primary Group: A group of people closely connected by affinities of origin, such as a family. It can also form outside the family and have a lasting partnership.
Contrasting Teaching Methods: Content vs. Relationship
Extreme Teaching Methods
This document explores two extreme and opposite teaching methods:
1) Content-Based Pedagogy and Technical Skills
This traditional approach focuses on conveying technical knowledge. The demonstration is a key tool.
Advantages:
- Saves time by avoiding trial and error.
- Motivates pupils and encourages action through demonstrations.
- Helps establish teacher presence and authority.
- Unifies learning, as all students perform the same exercise, potentially leading to multiplied transfers of
State Elements: Territory and Population Defined
Territory: The Physical Element of the State
Territory is the “physical element” of the state, its material support. This is a portion of land area (the “floor”) and the area of airspace that belongs to it under the laws of international law. It also includes the subsoil, inland waters, rivers and seas, as well as warships, aircraft, and diplomatic missions abroad.
The territory is defined by three characteristics:
- Unity: The territory is one from a political point of view, but it does not necessarily