Galileo’s Defense of Heliocentrism
Galileo and the Scientific Revolution
Galileo Galilei is a highlight of the scientific revolution that began in astronomy. Key figures included Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, and eventually Newton. The astronomical revolution marked the transition from the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic universe, based on a geocentric model, to the Copernican, based on a heliocentric model. Galileo laid the foundations for a new physics, supplemented later by Newton, according to the heliocentric view. This new physics
Read MoreOrtega y Gasset: Key Philosophical Concepts
Ortega y Gasset’s Philosophy
Objectivism and Spain’s Problem
For Ortega, the problem of Spain is objectivism, and in this context, he develops his objectivist doctrine. He argues that the Spanish decline is purely and simply a lack of science, a deprivation of theory.
Circumstantialism: Meditations on Quixote
Circumstantialism, developed in Meditations on Quixote, involves discovering fundamental philosophical insights by focusing on circumstances. Two major influences have shaped Western culture: Greek
Read MoreLocke’s Empiricism and Social Contract Theory
Empiricist philosophy denies the existence of innate ideas or principles of understanding. John Locke denies that there are universal truths and moral laws that apply to everyone. He believes that at birth our mind is a blank slate, empty and devoid of content, and that all knowledge is acquired through experience; ideas are rooted in it.
He states that our knowledge is limited by experience; experience is the source of our ideas and the limit of our knowledge. We must examine all ideas in detail
Read MoreOrtega y Gasset: Philosophy, History, and Vital Reason
Ortega’s Historical Context
The historical context in which the Spanish thinker’s thought arises is marked internationally by:
- The two World Wars (1914-1918 and 1939-1945), wars that forced human beings to confront their lack of rationality and capacity for barbarism in managing and resolving conflicts.
- The Russian Revolution (1917).
- The rise of Italian Fascism under Mussolini.
- National Socialism under Hitler in Germany.
- Stalinist Soviet totalitarianism.
Ortega criticized these forms of power consolidation
Read MoreOrtega’s Ratiovitalism: Vital Reason, Life, and Circumstance
Understanding Ratiovitalism: Ortega’s Vital Reason
Ratiovitalism is the doctrine of vital reason. It stands somewhere between rationalism and vitalism. Life involves reasoning about the circumstances in which we live. Therefore, reason must always be linked to life.
Knowledge, Thought, and Historical Reason
Ortega distinguishes between thinking (the attitude by which humans give meaning to their circumstances) and knowledge (an activity of thought aimed at giving meaning to the world).
He criticizes
Read MoreUnderstanding Anomalies in Interleaved Execution
Anomalies Due to Interleaved Execution
Two actions on the same data object conflict if at least one of them is a write.
Common Anomalies
- Reading Uncommitted Data (WR Conflicts)
- Unrepeatable Reads (RW Conflicts)
- Overwriting Uncommitted Data (WW Conflicts)
Anomalies Due to Interleaved Execution
Two actions on the same data object conflict if at least one of them is a write.
1.Reading Uncommitted Data (WR Conflicts)
2.Unrepeatable Reads (RW Conflicts)
3.Overwriting Uncommitted Data (WW Conflicts)
Anomalies Due
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