Major Ethical Theories: From Aristotle to Habermas

Aristotle’s Ethics

According to Aristotle, humans are composed of body and soul. The soul is divided into three parts: the vegetative, the animal, and the rational.

Most human beings must be content with operating their vegetative-animal soul, whose aim is to achieve virtue ethics through action and the achievement of habits. These habits of action must be correct and always aim for the average. This means that one must never fall into a vice, either by default or by excess.

Cynic Ethics

For Socrates

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Philosophy: Understanding Its Core Principles and Evolution

Introduction to Philosophy: Key Concepts and History

We all philosophize at some point in our lives. We become uncomfortable when difficult questions arise, breaking the ingenuity by which we see the world. We think for ourselves, become independent, and search for answers. But what moves us to philosophize?

This philosophical question has no single answer. Karl Jaspers, in his book, Introduction to Philosophy, based his response on three reasons:

  1. Wonder: Our eyes make us see the wonderful spectacle
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Nietzsche and Habermas: Contrasting Philosophies on Western Culture

Nietzsche’s Critique of Western Culture

Nietzsche’s philosophy is a critique of Western civilization as a whole. Since the time of ancient Greece, he believed that European culture has been fundamentally flawed because it despises life.

His critique is directed against morality, religion, and philosophy. He criticized the resignation to life, the triumph of reason over life, and the loss of the old values of ancient Greece. He pointed to Socrates and Plato as the culprits who broke this balance by

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Philosophy’s Roots: From Poetic Eloquence to the Milesians

Homer and the Poets: Eloquence as a Form of Wisdom

What distinguishes poems is their eloquence, the art of saying things in an engaging way. It’s how the poet speaks, not necessarily what he says. Eloquence makes a poem worth listening to and remembering.

For example, the poetry of some guy, because we stayed fixed orally, and then Homer wrote it.

What interests us is that there is poetry in depth. Any story deserves to be heard; anything can draw our attention when a poet speaks. Our culture was born

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Observation, Science, and Culture: Key Concepts

Observation Sentences: Unique and General

We distinguish between two types of observation sentences:

  • Unique: Derived from observation of particular facts in a particular time, place, and condition.
  • General: Refer to all phenomena regardless of the time, place, or condition.

Essential Condition for Singular Statements

What is the essential condition to be met by singular statements? That no statement contradicts the universal law derived.

Culture: Etymology and Meaning

According to etymology, culture is

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Heidegger on Technology and Morality: An In-Depth Analysis

Heidegger on Technology

Heidegger aims to find the essence of technology, and to this end, begins by noting that technique is not the same as the essence of technology. He articulates two statements that answer the question regarding technique:

  • Technique is a means to an end.
  • Art-making is a human activity.

This definition, which considers technique and the human element, is the instrumental and anthropological definition of technology. It is a correct definition, but correctness does not necessarily

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