Microbiology and Immunology Concepts: Chapters 14-17 Review

Infectious Disease Principles and Pathogenesis

1. Symbiotic Relationship Example

A symbiotic relationship example is Escherichia coli within the large intestine.

2. Mismatched Disease and Associated Factor

The disease and associated factor that do not match are: Emergence of avian influenza A (H5N1); use of antibiotics.

3. Correct Statement on Infectious Disease Development

A correct statement about the development of infectious disease is: The period of convalescence is the time during which the person

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Immune System Essentials: Barriers, Responses, and Key Concepts

Immune System Fundamentals

Natural Resistance

  • Non-Specific Species Resistance:
    1. Absence of specific tissue or receptors.
    2. Second host or target site.
    3. Absence of toxins.
  • Individual Natural Resistance:
    1. Nutrition
    2. Fever
    3. Age
    4. Genetic factors
    5. Stress

Physical Barriers

  • Skin: Keratinized cell layer, scaling, dryness, normal flora, fats, washing.
  • Respiratory Tract: Normal flora, microvilli, mucous surfaces.
  • Gastrointestinal Tract: Stomach pH, peristalsis, secretions, normal flora.
  • Urogenital Tract: Urine flow, normal flora.
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Abordajes Terapéuticos: Cáncer de Colon, Recto, Páncreas, Próstata, Endometrio

Tratamiento Oncológico del Cáncer de Colon

El tratamiento primario es la cirugía, con resultados muy buenos. Se consigue la curación en el 70% de los casos.

Tratamiento Oncológico del Cáncer de Recto

La cirugía consigue curaciones de hasta el 50%. Dependiendo de si el tumor está a más de 5 cm del esfínter anal, podrá realizarse cirugía conservadora (Resección Anterior Baja) o cirugía radical (Resección Abdomino-Perineal con colostomía permanente). Los estadios II y III de alto riesgo

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Skin Lesions, Tumors & Melanoma: Types, Diagnosis & Treatment

Primary and Secondary Skin Lesions: Types, Clinical and Morphological Characteristics

Primary Lesions

Macule → Small, circular, flat discoloration of the skin (e.g., freckles and flat moles)

Patch → A macule > 1 cm in diameter (e.g., vitiligo, senile freckles)

Papule → Solid, raised lesion

Plaque → A patch of closely grouped papules > 5 mm across

Wheal → Skin elevation caused by swelling that can be itchy and usually disappears soon after erupting (generally associated with allergic reactions,

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Disease Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors

Set 1: Disease Prevalence and Incidence

1. Population with a Stable Age Distribution:

How can the prevalence of a disease decrease despite a constant incidence rate?

Prevalence is a function of the incidence rate and the average duration of the disease. If the incidence rate is constant, a decrease in the average disease duration can cause prevalence to decrease. This can happen due to improved treatment (leading to quicker cures) or if the disease becomes more rapidly fatal.

2. Evaluating Preventive

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Endometrial Cancer: Natural History, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Endometrial Cancer: Natural History

ITEM 17: Natural History of ENDOMETRIAL CANCER

Endometrial cancer, limited to the uterus, may not involve lymph node metastasis (LN). When diagnosing, consider that local growth originates without uterine mucosa involvement and may extend in two main ways:

  • Extension into the uterus
  • Extension into the myometrium

Pathological Classification

The vast majority of endometrial cancers are adenocarcinomas, including:

  • Endometrioid
  • Serous papillary
  • Mucinous
  • Clear cell
  • Mixed cell
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