20th Century History: From the Restoration to the Cold War

UNIT 11

WHY DID THE RESTORATION GO INTO CRISIS?

Unsatisfactory reforms and growing opposition

The government of Alfonso XIII tried to implement measures to regenerate the country. Conservative Partí member Antonio Maura launched a revolution from above. Jose Canalejas Liberal Party tried to reduce the influence of the church in public life and education. They also introduced the first laws protecting workers and a first step in political decentralization. However, caciquismo and the manipulation of

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Virginia Woolf: Life, Works, and Impact on Literature

Virginia Woolf

She was born in 1882 in London into a highly intellectual family.
Her father was a philosopher and her brother studied at Cambridge University, she and her sister study at home.
She meets her brother’s friends, artists, intellectuals, literary critics and they form the ‘Bloomsbury Group’
Bloomsbury is the borough of London.
They rejected Queen Victoria and believed in art, friendship and social progress.
This group was very important and included many of the prominent figures of the time.

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From Dictatorship to Democracy: The Spanish Transition

1. From dictatorship to democracy.

  • 1.1. Franco’s dictatorship (1939-1975). Franco assumed all powers, he approved the laws. There was no constitution, but there was a set of laws called fundamental laws. FET y de la JONS was the only legal party, which included groups that had supported the uprising against the Second Republic. Rights and liberties were abolished. All expressions of regional nationalism were banned, the Basque and Catalan Statutes of autonomy were annulled. Franco’s dictatorship
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Metis and Country-Born: Red River Rebellion and Beyond

History Test

Test: May 19 Friday

Pemmican – dried meat, pounded and flavored with fat and local berries

Metis – People of mixed European and First Nations ancestry (descendants of European fur traders and First Nations)

Country born – People of mixed British and First Nations ancestry

Provisional government – a temporary government put in place until a permanent one is established

Treaties – legal documents outline agreements between nations

Reserves – land set aside for exclusive use by First Nations

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Absolutism and Monarchies in Europe: Key Figures and Events

Absolutism:

ruler absolute dictator

Divine Right:

ruler authority comes from God

Constitutional Monarchy:

ruler head of state but power limited by constitution

Petition of the Rights of Man:

limited power of king, no unlawful punishment, & no quartering troops

Glorious Revolution:

1688-1689, James II replaced by daughter & Prince William of Orange; overthrow of James II of England

Leading Absolutist Nation was France

Louis XIV:

1. Jean Baptiste Colbert minister of France 2. Refused to name new

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The Impact of World War I

World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as ‘the war to end all wars’,[7] it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history.[8][9] It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history,[10] with an estimated nine million

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