Marketing Research Design and Measurement Fundamentals
Research Problem Definition
- Define decision problem
- Specify research question
- Establish research objective
- Benefits of expected information = report
Types of Data
- Primary Data
- Secondary Data (Internal & External)
- Customer Knowledge
Qualitative Research (Primary Exploratory)
Qualitative research is primary exploratory research, subjective in nature.
Advantages of Qualitative Research
- Cheaper
- No better way to understand in-depth motivations and feelings
- Can improve efficiency of quantitative research
Limitations
Read MoreUnderstanding Human Anatomy: Key Body Parts and Functions
Parts of the Body (with Definitions):
- Ankle (turmell): The joint between the foot and the lower leg.
- Arm (braç): The long extension from the upper body between the shoulder and wrist.
- Elbow (colze): The joint between the upper and lower arm.
- Finger (dit): One of the extensions from the hand.
- Foot (peu): The perpendicular extension at the end of the leg.
- Hand (ma): The part of the arm below the wrist, to which fingers are attached.
- Hip (maluc): The part of the upper leg that projects slightly outward.
- Knee
Understanding Recurrent Neural Networks and Their Applications
🧠 Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)
A neural network for sequential data (time series, speech, text).
It has memory of past inputs to affect current output.
Simple: “RNN past data yaad rakh kar next output predict karta hai.”
x1 → x2 → x3 → ...
↓ ↓ ↓
h1 → h2 → h3 →
...
↓ ↓ ↓
y1 y2 y3
Stepwise:
1️⃣ Input – Sequential data (text/audio)
2️⃣ Hidden Layer – Current input + previous hidden state
Eq: hₜ = f(Wxₜ + Uhₜ₋₁ + b)
3️⃣
Understanding Cyber Terrorism and Network Intrusions
Definition:
Cyber terrorism refers to the use of the Internet and computer networks to cause disruption, fear, or harm to society, governments, or organizations for political, religious, or ideological motives.
Explanation:
In cyber terrorism, attackers use digital tools such as viruses, worms, ransomware, or denial-of-service (DoS) attacks to damage critical infrastructure, steal sensitive data, or spread panic among people. It targets systems like defense, banking, communication, power grids, and
Understanding the Impact of Land Use on Water Resources
1. Land Use and Its Influence on Runoff Patterns
Land use significantly influences runoff patterns in a river basin by affecting how precipitation interacts with the land surface. Different land uses—such as urban development, agriculture, forests, and wetlands—alter the natural infiltration, evaporation, and surface flow processes, thereby impacting the volume and timing of runoff.
Urbanization typically increases runoff due to the proliferation of impervious surfaces like roads, pavements, and
Read MoreUnderstanding the Society of Estates and Its Transformation
A Society of Estates
– Society of Estates: This refers to organized estates. The estates were closed groups primarily accessed by birth. Each sector corresponded to a group defined by a common lifestyle and similar social function. It was waterproof, meaning its members could not change their condition.
– Characteristics of the Society of Estates: What characterized this society was the stability of inertia. Unlike capitalism, which is divided into groups according to wealth and is therefore more
Read MoreUnderstanding Virtualization and Cloud Computing Concepts
a) What are the disadvantages of virtualization?
b) What is the difference between distributed objects and RPC?
c) Define federated clouds.
a) Disadvantages of Virtualization
(Any 3 points for 2 marks)
Performance Overhead:
Virtual machines run on top of a hypervisor, so applications may not perform as fast as on physical hardware.High Initial Cost:
Powerful servers, hypervisors, and storage systems are required, which increases setup cost.Complex Management:
Managing multiple VMs, snapshots, networks,
Understanding the Decision-Making Process in B2B Marketing
Importance for Marketers to Know How to Deal with the Buying Process and Purchasing Behavior of Targeted Customers
Decision-Making Process
When a customer buys a product, the purchase is not necessarily a single act or isolated event; rather, it consists of a number of linked activities, namely the decision-making process. The time and effort invested in completing the various stages will vary depending on several factors such as:
- Importance of purchasing to the organization,
- Market conditions,
- The range
Labor Movement Evolution: Ideologies and Worker Solidarity
The Development of the Labor Movement
Since the mid-nineteenth century, the labor movement acquired an uneven development thanks to new forms of struggle, the emergence of anti-capitalist ideologies, and new forms of worker organization. Of all these developments, we stress:
- The progress of trade unionism, whereby workers associated to organize struggle or negotiation with employers and the state, in order to obtain better working conditions.
- The use of the general strike as a means of pressure. However,
Understanding the Theories and Causes of Imperialism
Theory and Causes of Imperialism. The late nineteenth century in European politics introduced a new concept: imperialism. This term alluded to the formation, by the great European powers, of overseas empires in Asia, Oceania, and Africa. Little-known enclaves existed in parts of these continents, where commercial factories were controlled by the British, French, and Dutch. They traded with the natives and exported to Europe spices, silk, porcelain, ivory, and even slaves. Previously, since the XV
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