Biology and Physics Concepts: Cell Structure to Forces
Characteristics of Living Organisms (MRS. GREN)
- Movement (change position)
- Respiration (convert nutrients) 呼吸
- Sensitivity (sense) 敏感
- Growth (permanent increase)
- Reproduction (gametes, fertilisation) 繁殖
- Excretion (waste products removed) 排泄
- Nutrition (taking of nutrients into the body)
Cell Structure
Animal Cells
- Cytoplasm: The jelly-like substance filling the cell.
- Cell Membrane: Controls substances entering and leaving the cell.
- Nucleus: Contains genetic material that controls how a cell grows
Understanding Industrial Clusters and Their Impact
What are clusters?
Clusters are geographic concentrations of companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, and associated institutions acting in a particular field of industrial activity or any other economic sector in a country or region.
What are the factors that determine industrial location?
These factors are diverse and among them are:
- Access to markets: The end of all industrial production is to meet demand; thus, a location near consumer markets can be decisive, as it reduces transport
Cloud Computing and Virtualization Fundamentals
Virtualization: Core Concepts and Benefits
Defining Virtualization
Virtualization is the creation of a virtual rather than actual version of something, such as hardware, an operating system, a storage device, or a network device. This process includes splitting a single physical computer into multiple virtual computers (Virtual Machines), each with its own software-based resources: CPU, RAM, hard disk, and Network Interface Card (NIC).
Virtual Machine (VM) Key Features
- Isolation: The VM’s operating
Key Milestones in European Union History and Livestock Farming
European Union Expansion Timeline
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1951 | France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, and Luxembourg signed the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community in Paris. |
| 1957 | Creation of the European Economic Community (EEC) with the signing of the Treaty of Rome on March 25 by France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Germany, and Italy. |
| 1973 | Denmark, Ireland, and the UK integrated into the EEC on January 1. |
| 1981 | Greece joins the EEC wing on January 1. |
| 1986 | Spain and Portugal are integrated |
Key Concepts in Macroeconomics: GDP, Unemployment, and Money
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Economic Health
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measure of the value of all goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a given period of time, typically a year. It is used to measure the size and health of a country’s economy.
Calculating GDP: Three Approaches
GDP can be calculated in three ways:
- The Output Approach: Adding up the value of all goods and services produced in a given period.
- The Income Approach: Adding up the income generated by those goods
Understanding IoT Security Concepts and Terminology
Lectures 1–3
IoT (Internet of Things) – interconnected physical devices exchanging data.
MMU (Malfunction Management Unit) – hardware failsafe.
Invariant – rule defining safe system states.
NTCIP – network protocol for traffic signal controllers.
DoS / DDoS – denial of service (resource flooding).
Replay Attack – reuse of old valid data packets.
Eavesdropping – intercepting communication.
Injection Attack – unauthorized commands/data inserted.
Tampering – altering transmitted or stored
Read MoreMark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn: Key Themes Analysis
Context and Background
Mark Twain began writing the novel during the Reconstruction Era, after the Civil War had ended in 1865 and slavery was abolished in the United States. But even though slavery was abolished, the white majority oppressed the Black minority, leading to the Jim Crow Laws of 1876, which institutionalized racial segregation.
Setting and Symbolism
Freedom in the novel is symbolized by the North, where slavery is illegal, and by the West and the river. In America, this concept is very
Read MoreComprehensive Question Bank for Object Oriented Programming
Department of Information Technology
Question Bank (III Sem 2025-26)
Subject: Object Oriented Programming (3SN02)
Subject Faculty: Dr. P.P. Deshmukh
Unit I
Explain Object Oriented Programming principles with real-life examples.
Explain all primitive data types supported by the Java programming language with suitable examples.
Write ‘for’, ‘while’, and ‘do-while’ programs to compute 4 + 8 + 12 + 16 + … + 80.
What are the applications of Object Oriented Programming?
Explain the features of Java.
Redux State Management Examples and React Hooks Performance
Redux Task Store Implementation
1. Setup and Initial State
Import createStore from Redux. Note: In modern Redux Toolkit, this function is deprecated in favor of configureStore.
const { createStore } = require('redux'); // Or 'import { createStore } from 'redux';'
const initialState = { tasks: [] };
2. Action Types & Creators
Define actions for adding and removing tasks.
const ADD_TASK = 'ADD_TASK';
const REMOVE_TASK = 'REMOVE_TASK';
function addTask(task) { // task: { id, description }
return Understanding Public and Private International Law
1. Public and Private
Public international law and private international law are two branches of international law. Generally, there is no distinction between public international law and private international law, but it is very necessary that one should not confuse public international law and private international law.
2. Definitions of International Law:
Oppenheim
International law is a body of customary and conventional rules, which are considered binding on civilized states in their relations