The International Court of Justice (ICJ): Structure, Jurisdiction, and Procedure

The International Court of Justice (ICJ)

Judicial Settlement involves the reference of disputes to permanent tribunals for a legally binding solution. The International Court of Justice (ICJ), often referred to as the World Court, is a court with general jurisdiction.

As one of the six main organs of the United Nations and its principal judicial organ, the ICJ has guaranteed impartial adjudication, free of political pressure or economic bargaining, since 1945.

The Court operates in French and English

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Foundations of Education: Definitions, Concepts, and Development

1: Meaning of Education

The word “Education” has been derived from two Latin words: Educare and Educere.

The word Educare means “to bring up” or “to raise.” The word Educere means “to draw out” or “to lead out.”

Q2: Three Definitions of Education

  1. Education is the process of acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.
  2. The transfer of knowledge, skills, and information from teachers to students, which is really important about being and becoming an educator.
  3. Education is a systematic
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Great Depression Causes and Lasting Impact

The Great Depression Duration and Scope

Duration and Global Reach

The Depression of the 1930s was prolonged, often described as lasting over a decade when measured from its late 1929 onset into the late 1930s and until the economic mobilization of World War II revived full employment and industrial output.

The U.S. collapse helped trigger a global contradiction. Trade declined sharply (tariff and debt dynamics worsened this), commodity prices collapsed, and many countries experienced severe unemployment

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Python Web Development and Database Fundamentals

Python Development Knowledge Check

Flask Templating and Logic Separation

Q1: Flask Template Purpose

To separate presentation logic from application logic.

  • Flask template: HTML with placeholders.
  • Jinja2: Templating engine.
  • Presentation logic: User Interface (UI).
  • Application logic: Backend code.

Note: Separates UI from Python logic.

Python Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Q2: Purpose of super()

To call a parent class constructor.

  • super(): Access parent methods.
  • Inheritance: Child extends parent.
  • Constructor:
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Clinical Management of Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders

Electrolyte Imbalances: Sodium and Potassium

Sodium (Na⁺)

Sodium is the primary cation in the Extracellular Fluid (ECF).

  • Regulates osmotic forces.
  • Transported through cells by the sodium-potassium pump.
  • Secreted into mucus and other bodily secretions.

1. Hyponatremia (Plasma Na⁺ < 135 mEq/L)

A hypotonic alteration, meaning the ECF is diluted.

Causes of Hyponatremia
  • Losses from increased sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea.
  • Certain diuretic drugs combined with a low salt diet.
  • Hormonal imbalances (decreased
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Understanding Chromosomes and Genetic Inheritance

Chromatin: DNA-protein complex forming chromosomes. Centromere: Constriction point on a chromosome where spindle fibers attach. Telomere: Repetitive DNA at chromosome ends prevents degradation. Chromatid: One of two copies of a replicated chromosome. Homologous Chromosomes: Chromosome pairs (one from each parent) with the same genes but different alleles. Histones: Proteins that DNA wraps around to form nucleosomes in eukaryotic cells.

Cell Cycle and Division

Interphase:

Period between cell divisions.

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European Alliances, Imperialism, and World War I

1. European Alliance Systems (1871–1914)

Bismarck’s Alliance systems were military alliances between Germany & the main European powers (Russia, Austria, Italy & UK) designed to isolate France.

  • The European Balance broke after the Italian & German unifications.
  • Two stages in European international relations:
  1. 1871 – 1890: Bismarck’s Alliance Systems: Secret military alliances intended to isolate France (who sought revenge due to the loss of Alsace & Lorraine).
  2. 1891 – 1914: Peace
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The Impact of Technology on Communication and Health Rights

Using the Internet

In recent years, technology breakthroughs have emerged so quickly that we have barely had time to adapt. However, young people, especially the youngest ones, have understood these new forms of communication very fast.

They can spend hours on their computers, and moreover, when they are not at home, they can walk on the street while typing on their phones, which could be amazing or scary depending on the beholder.

For them, it’s terrific how quickly they can connect with their friends,

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Understanding Binary Search, Graphs, and Priority Queues

Q) How is binary search different from linear search?

Linear SearchBinary Search
1. Checks each element one by one from start to end.1. Repeatedly divides the sorted list into halves to find the element.
2. Works on unsorted or sorted lists.2. Works only on sorted lists.
3. Time complexity is O(n).3. Time complexity is O(log n) (much faster).
4. Simple and easy to implement.4. Slightly more complex due to mid calculations.
5. Inefficient for large datasets.5. Highly efficient for large datasets.
6. No
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Understanding Celebrity Writers and Their Experiences

1. Why Do Most Celebrity Writers Despise Being Interviewed?

Ans: Most celebrity writers despise being interviewed as they consider it an undesirable intrusion into their personal lives. Some view it as an immoral and offensive activity, while others feel it would ‘diminish’ them.

2. How Is Umberto Eco’s Non-Fictional Writing Style Different from Academic Writing Style?

Ans: Umberto Eco’s non-fictional writing style has a certain playful, narrative, and personal quality about it, whereas his

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