English Vocabulary and Reported Speech Rules
English Vocabulary Equivalents
- To achieve = lograr / conseguir / ganar
- Foolish = tonto / estúpido
- Tricky = complicado / difícil
- Weak ≠ Strong = débil ≠ fuerte
- Consistent ≠ Constant = coherente ≠ constante
- To broadcast = To air = emitir / transmitir
- To strengthen = Make / become stronger = fortalecer / hacerse más fuerte
- To emphasise = To highlight = enfatizar / resaltar
- To reinforce / support = Bolster = reforzar / apoyar
- To depend on = Rely on = depender de / confiar en
- To focus on = Centered
Adam Smith and Karl Marx: Economic Thought Comparison
Adam Smith (1723 – 1790)
Scottish philosopher and economist, one of the greatest exponents of classical economics. In 1776, he published “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations,” which is considered the foundational text of political economy.
Key Contributions of Smith
- It was the first attempt to analyze the determinants of capital formation and the historical development of industry and trade between European countries, establishing the basis for modern economic science.
- Smith
Political Science: Power, Authority, Legitimacy, Liberty, and Equality
Power, Authority, and Legitimacy in Politics
Power, authority, and legitimacy are fundamental concepts in political science that describe different aspects of influence and governance. They are interconnected, with legitimacy often being the bridge between raw power and recognized authority.
Definitions of the Concepts
Power ⚡️
- The ability to influence the behavior of others, even against their will.
- It is the capacity to achieve one’s objectives and can be exercised through various means, including
Key Banking Concepts: Understanding Financial Services
Here is a brief overview of the requested banking concepts:
– Issue Management: Issue management refers to the process of managing new securities issues by companies to raise capital from the public. It involves planning, promoting, underwriting, pricing, and distributing securities. Issue managers coordinate with regulators, stock exchanges, and investors to ensure smooth and successful capital raising, often aided by merchant bankers.
– Underwriting Services: Underwriting is a service where an investment
Read MoreComplaint Resolution Process Steps and Outcomes
Analysis of Complaint or Claim
Service Provision
We should be able to suggest a solution. The response to a complaint may include:
- A refund of the money (reembolso)
- Technical assistance
- Provide necessary information (proporcionar info)
- Replace the damaged product
- Repair the product
- Compensate for the damages
- Apologize (disculpas)
- Offer gifts or expressions of goodwill
Analysis of Satisfaction
The company must verify the level of customer satisfaction with the solution and the process implemented. Surveys are
Read MoreSolving First-Order Linear Differential Equations
Exercises 2.3: Linear Equations
The following problems involve finding the integrating factor, solving the differential equation, and identifying the transient term, where applicable, for first-order linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of the form $y’ + P(x)y = Q(x)$ or similar forms.
Equation: $y’ – 0y = 0$
The integrating factor is $e^{\int 0 dx} = e^{0x} = 1$.
The equation becomes $\frac{d}{dx}[1 \cdot y] = 0$.
Solution: $y = c$. The domain is $-\infty < x < \infty$. There is no transient
Principles of Effective Data Visualization
Foundations of Visualization
Goals
Leverage visuals to understand and communicate data. Goals can be broken down into four main categories:
- Record Information
- Analyze Data to Support Reasoning (Example: the analysis of O-ring data for the Challenger disaster.)
- Confirm Hypothesis (Example: exact contaminated water pump location from Dr. John Snow’s 1854 cholera map of London.)
- Communicate Ideas to Others
Why Visualization Works
It offloads cognitive work to the perceptual system; cognition and memory are
Read MoreAryl Diazonium Ion Formation and Stability
Diazonium Ion Synthesis and Stability Comparison
The synthesis of an aryl diazonium ion begins with an aniline ({{c1::Ar–NH₂}}), which may possess substituents such as a tert-butyl group. This transformation is achieved via N-nitrosylation/diazotization, typically employing NaNO₂, HCl, H₂O at approximately 0 °C.
Reaction Mechanism and Intermediate
This process first yields an N-nitrosamine intermediate, which subsequently decomposes to form the desired aryl diazonium ion ({{c1::Ar–N₂⁺}
Read More10 Foundational Principles for Secure System Design
10 Core Security Principles in One Line
Economy of Mechanism
Keep it small and simple.
- Do: Minimize features and Lines of Code (LoC) in the TCB.
- Don’t: Add non-critical features in the critical path.
- Why: Fewer bugs, easier audits.
- Example: Remove optional TLS extensions; use minimal parsing libraries.
Fail-Safe Defaults
Default deny; whitelist, not blacklist.
- Do: Permit access only when explicitly allowed; fail-closed on errors.
- Don’t: Expose services publicly by default.
- Example: Firewalls drop traffic
Physical Fitness: Warm-up, Muscle Contraction, and Resistance
The Importance of Warming Up
What is Warming Up and Why is it Necessary?
Warming up is the activity performed before any type of sports activity to prepare the body.
How is the Warm-up Performed?
- Soft activities.
- Global use of the whole body.
- Progressive intensity (from low to high).
- Structured execution of exercises.
- Continuous execution (i.e., without major breaks).
Types of Warm-up
- General: Performed before any physical activity.
- Specific: Tailored to a determined sport or activity.
Effects of Warming Up
- Improves