Sociological Perspectives on Technology and Identity
Technology, Society, and Identity Evolution
Technology, society, and identity are deeply interlinked, and each one shapes and transforms the others. Technological change reflects the transition from agrarian to industrial societies, a shift marked by inventions and discoveries that triggered major revolutions, such as the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution.
Technological developments do not occur in isolation. Sociologists argue that technology is deeply embedded in social, cultural,
Read MoreMolecular Biology and Genetics Fundamentals
Cellular Genetics and DNA Structure
Each cell of the body contains 23 pairs of chromosomes—46 in total—with 23 inherited from the mother and 23 from the father. Each chromosome contains genes, which consist of portions of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA is made up of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of both DNA and RNA. Nucleotides contain nitrogenous bases, and the sequence of these bases determines the differences in traits.
DNA exists as a double helix formed by two antiparallel
Read MoreEssential Concepts in Information Technology and Digital Business
Core IT Fundamentals
Triple Convergence in IT
Content, devices, and sectors.
Information System Functions
- Obtain
- Process
- Store
- Distribute
Network Protocols and Addressing
Key Network Protocols Explained
- How to connect different devices? IP Protocol
- How to manage the exchange of information? TCP Protocol
- How to provide services? TCP/IP Protocol
- How to surf the Net? HTTP, HTML, etc.
IP Address Functions
IP addresses serve two principal functions:
- Host or network interface identification
- Location addressing
Software
Read MoreSalesmanship Fundamentals: Concept and Key Qualities
Salesmanship: Concept and Essential Qualities
Concept of Salesmanship
Salesmanship refers to the skill and technique used by a salesperson to persuade and influence customers to purchase products or services. It involves a deep understanding of customer needs, effective communication, and the ability to build relationships that lead to successful transactions. Salesmanship is not just about selling a product, but about solving problems, meeting customer needs, and ensuring customer satisfaction.
Good
Read MoreCore Psychology Concepts: Perception, Learning, Memory, Thinking
1. Psychology as a Science and Historical Development
Definition and nature: Define psychology as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Scientific characteristics: Objectivity, replicability, systematic observation, and empirical evidence (e.g., experimental methods).
Historical timeline:
- Pre-scientific: Philosophical roots (Plato, Aristotle) and the study of the soul.
- Foundational schools:
- Structuralism (Wilhelm Wundt, 1879 lab)
- Functionalism (William James)
- Psychoanalysis (Freud)
- Modern
Microeconomics: Costs, Market Structures, and Game Theory
Chapter 12 — Cost of Production
Cost Definitions and Key Formulas
Total Cost (TC) = Fixed Cost (FC) + Variable Cost (VC).
Marginal Cost (MC) = ΔTC / ΔQ or ΔVC / ΔQ.
Average Fixed Cost (AFC) = Fixed cost / Quantity.
Average Variable Cost (AVC) = Variable cost / Quantity.
Average Total Cost (ATC) = Total cost / Quantity = AFC + AVC.
Profit Concepts
Accounting profit = Total revenue − Explicit costs.
Economic profit = Total revenue − Explicit costs − Implicit costs. (Economic profit = Accounting
Read MoreSampling, Correlation, and Multivariate Methods for Research
Sampling: Population, Sample, Census
Population, sample, census: The population of interest is the entire group researchers want to generalize to. A sample is the smaller group that is actually observed or measured. A census collects data from every single member of the population. Population = who you care about. Sample = who you study. Census = everyone in the population.
Representative vs. Biased Samples
Representative vs. biased samples: A representative sample (unbiased) gives every member of
Read MoreEssential Human Resource Management Concepts and Functions
1. Human Resource Management (HRM) – Introduction
Human Resource Management (HRM) is the strategic approach to managing people effectively in an organization to achieve organizational goals and improve employee performance.
Definition
HRM is concerned with recruitment, development, motivation, and maintenance of human resources in an organization.
Objectives of HRM
- To ensure optimum utilization of human resources
- To improve employee efficiency and productivity
- To maintain healthy industrial relations
- To
Digital Payments, Cybersecurity and E‑Governance in India
Digital Financial Tools and Applications
💳 Digital financial tools are electronic methods and platforms that allow users to manage, transfer, and utilize money digitally for various transactions and services. They enhance convenience, speed, and security in the financial ecosystem.
Digital Security and Identity Tools
These mechanisms ensure the safety and proper identification of parties during a digital transaction.
- OTP (One Time Password): A unique, automatically generated numeric or alphanumeric
Cell Biology Timeline and Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Timeline of Key Cell Biology Discoveries
- 1590 – Hans and Zacharias Janssen built the first microscope.
- 1665 – Robert Hooke named the cell.
- 1670 – Anton van Leeuwenhoek designed a simple microscope.
- 1674 – van Leeuwenhoek discovered animalcules (bacteria and protozoa).
- 1838 – Schleiden started developing cell theory in plants.
- 1839 – Theodor Schwann extended cell theory to all animals.
- 1858 – Rudolf Virchow proved that all cells come from the division of pre-existing cells.
- 1888 – Santiago