UX Design Workflow: Wireframing, Prototyping, and Testing
Unit IV: Wireframing, Prototyping, and Usability Testing
1. Sketching Principles
- Quick Representation: Use sketches to visualize and communicate ideas quickly.
- Clarity Over Detail: Focus on the layout and structure; details can be added later.
- Iterative: Sketch multiple variations of designs to explore different solutions.
- Use Gestures: Don’t get bogged down by perfection; use simple lines and shapes to represent key elements.
- Feedback: Share sketches early to gather insights from users or team members.
DBMS Architecture, Roles, and Interfaces
Database Interfaces
A DBMS provides various interfaces to suit different types of users (from non-technical clerks to expert administrators).
- Menu-Based Interfaces: Primarily used for web clients and browsing. Users are presented with a list of options (menus) and do not need to know any query language.
- Forms-Based Interfaces: Common for “naive users.” Users interact by filling out fields in a form (e.g., a bank account registration form). The DBMS then handles the insertion or retrieval.
- Graphical
Mastering Statistical Methods and Data Analysis
Sampling Methods
- Simple Random Sampling: Every subject has an equal probability of being selected. This provides a good representation but may be subject to non-response bias.
- Systematic Sampling: This involves applying a selection interval k from a random starting point. While every subject has an equal probability of being selected, it is simple but may not provide a good representation if there is a pattern in the way subjects are lined up.
- Stratified Sampling: The sampling frame is divided into
Deception in Pride and Prejudice: Appearance vs Reality
¡Escribe!
Pride and Prejudice: Appearance vs Reality
By Paula Alvarez
The Theme of Appearance vs Reality
In Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, the theme of appearance versus reality is recurrent. Austen wants to prove to us that often one’s appearance hides one’s true character. This theme is clearly evident in the case of Mr. Darcy and Mr. Wickham and how they appear to Elizabeth Bennet.
Elizabeth’s Misguided Conclusions
From her first impressions of both Mr. Darcy and Mr. Wickham, Elizabeth
Read MoreHybrid Hash-Join Performance Optimization in Database Systems
Hybrid Hash-Join: Conceptual Explanation
Hybrid Hash-Join is an improved version of the standard Hash-Join algorithm that reduces disk I/O by using memory more efficiently during the join operation. It is particularly useful when:
- The build relation is larger than memory.
- Memory is still large enough to hold one or more partitions fully.
Why Use Hybrid Hash-Join?
In a normal Hash-Join:
- All partitions of the build relation are written to disk first.
- They are then read again for probing.
Hybrid Hash-Join
Read MoreQuantum Mechanics Fundamentals: 16 Key Concepts Explained
Core Principles of Quantum Mechanics
The No-Cloning Theorem
The no-cloning theorem states that it is impossible to create an exact copy of an arbitrary unknown quantum state. This is because quantum mechanics is linear and unitary; any operation that clones one state would necessarily distort another. Only orthogonal states (like |0⟩ and |1⟩) can be perfectly distinguished and copied.
The Copenhagen Interpretation
According to the Copenhagen interpretation, the wave function represents the probability
Read MoreArbitration Law Malaysia: Arbitration Act 2005 and Procedures
Meaning and Definition of Arbitration
Definition: Arbitration is a private, consensual, party-driven method of dispute resolution where two or more parties agree to settle a dispute with the assistance of an arbitrator. Source of Authority: Unlike litigation, which derives authority from the State, arbitration’s legitimacy flows from the parties’ agreement. In Collins v Collins (1858) and as approved in Malaysian jurisprudence, arbitration is a ‘reference to the decision of one or more persons…
Read MoreChurn Prediction with Logistic Regression, Choice Models & NLP
⚙️ 1️⃣ Logistic Regression — Churn Prediction
Predict P(churn = 1) via logit link → ln(p/(1-p)) = β0 + βx
| Metric | Meaning | Trade-off / Exam Tip |
|---|---|---|
| Precision = TP/(TP+FP) | How accurate are my churn flags? | Higher precision → fewer false alarms |
| Recall = TP/(TP+FN) | How many real churners are caught? | Higher recall → catch more churners |
| AUC | Probability the model ranks a churner higher than a non‑churner | 0.5 = random, 1 = perfect |
| ROC Curve | TPR (Recall) vs FPR (1 − Specificity) | Curves that bow toward the |
Fundamentals of DBMS and Database Concepts
Data, Information, Knowledge
Data – a fact that can be recorded or stored, e.g., person name, age, gender, weight, etc. Information – when data is processed, organized, structured, or presented in a given context so as to make it useful, it is called information. Knowledge – it is the appropriate collection of information.
DBMS (Database Management System)
DBMS = Database + Set of programs.
- Database – a collection of logically related data; e.g., books database in a library, student database in a university.
Essential Historical and Political Concepts
Key Historical and Political Terms
A to E
- Anachronism — An error of chronological logic or the misplacement of chronology.
- Anthropocene — A period in history, the most recent geological epoch, in which the presence of human beings has made an imprint on the surface of the Earth by way of radioactive fallout, microplastics, and heavy metals, as well as the influencing of the Earth’s climate.
- Capitalism — An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned (instead of by the