Core Macroeconomic Models: IS-LM-PC, Phillips Curve, and Key Laws

The natural rate of unemployment is a function of the firm’s markup and non-labour related cost, 𝑚, the labour market characteristics, 𝑧, and the strength of the effect of unemployment on wages, alpha–> un=(m+z)/alpha Y EXPLICAMOS EL CAMBIO

Potential output,Yn, is a function of the natural employment level, Nn, which depends on the natural rate of unemployment: Yn=Nn=L(1-un)Y EXPLICAMOS EL CAMBIO 

b) Analyse the policy’s short-run effects. SOLUTION: Initially, the economy is in equilibrium

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Core Concepts and Theories of Modern Management

Module 1: Fundamentals of Management

1. Management Definition

The process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling resources efficiently and effectively to achieve organizational objectives.

2. Characteristics of Management

  • Goal-oriented
  • Universal
  • Continuous
  • Social
  • Multidisciplinary
  • Coordinated

3. Management: Science Versus Art

  • Science: Based on systematic knowledge and cause-effect relationships.
  • Art: Requires creativity, personal skill, and is practice-based.

4. Taylor’s Scientific Management

  • Scientific
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Literary Analysis: Structure and Forms of Narrative Texts

Narrative Texts: Definition and Structure

Narrative texts relate real or imagined events that happen to characters developed in space and time.

Essential Elements of Narrative

  • The Narrator: Recounts the events or circumstances that happen to the characters. The story can be told in:
    • First Person: As a character involved in the story (autobiographical).
    • Third Person: Without intervening in the history (as a witness), or taking an omniscient stance (knowing the feelings, thoughts, and emotions of the
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Inventory Valuation and Receivables Accounting

Allowance Method for Uncollectible Accounts

We use the Allowance Method to record estimated uncollectible accounts, which is used to estimate and record expected bad debts. This method ensures that Accounts Receivable (A/R) is stated at Net Realizable Value (NRV) and matches bad debt expense with the related sales revenue.

  • Adjusting Entry: Updates the allowance balance to the target ending balance (usually a percentage of A/R or based on an aging schedule).
  • Write-Off: Removes a specific A/R from the
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Spanish Second Republic Transition and Nazi Germany Policies

Spanish Political Shifts (1930-1933)

Dictablanda (1930-1931)

Period running between the resignation of Primo de Rivera in 1930 and the arrival of the Second Republic in 1931, with a soft dictatorship led by Berenguer and Aznar.

Pact of San Sebastián

Agreement between republicans and socialists signed in the summer of 1930, aiming to overthrow Alfonso XIII and the establishment of a Republic in Spain.

12/04/1931 Elections

Municipal votations held in Spain on April 12th, 1931, and interpreted as a referendum

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Linux Fundamentals: Architecture, Features, and System Management

Introduction to Linux

Linux is a powerful, open-source operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel. It is used everywhere, from supercomputers and servers to mobile devices and embedded systems. Unlike proprietary operating systems like Windows or macOS, Linux’s source code is freely available, which allows anyone to modify and distribute it.

Linux System Architecture

The Linux operating system follows a layered architecture, separating user programs from the core system components. This modular

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Comparative Method in Political Science: Function and Utility

Comparative Method: Meaning, Nature, Importance, and Scope

The comparative method is one of the most important and widely used methods in the study of political science. It helps in understanding political institutions, processes, and systems by comparing them with one another. Through comparison, similarities and differences among political systems can be identified, which leads to a deeper and more scientific understanding of politics. The comparative method has played a crucial role in the development

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Data Visualization Applications and Excel Data Management

Applications of Data Visualization

Data visualization spans across many fields and industries, as it helps make complex data understandable and actionable. Here’s a detailed breakdown of its major applications:

  • Business Intelligence (BI)
  • Finance & Investment
  • Healthcare
  • Education
  • Marketing & Sales
  • Government & Public Policy
  • Information Technology & Cybersecurity
  • Manufacturing & Supply Chain
  • Social Media & Web Analytics
  • Geospatial Analysis

Data visualization is a bridge between raw data

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Global Logistics Modes: Features and Regulations

Road Transport (ROAD)

Wide coverage: It is the only mode allowing door-to-door service.

  • Adaptability: Wide variety of vehicles for all types of cargo.
  • Simplicity and speed: Allows direct contracting with users.
  • Competitive rates: Subject to load and schedule limitations.
  • High competitiveness: Many companies, but return loads can be problematic for long distances (>2500 km).

Regulations and Documentation

National / Nacional

Commercial Code, LOTT, ROTT, LCTTM.

International / Internacional

  • CMR Convention:
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Literary Analysis of Trauma and Identity in Alexie and Okada

Sherman Alexie’s Reservation Blues (1995)

Sherman Alexie’s Reservation Blues (1995) intertwines history, myth, and music to address the lasting consequences of colonization for Native American communities. Through characters such as Thomas Builds-the-Fire, Victor, and Junior, Alexie reveals how the legacies of genocide, forced assimilation, and cultural erasure continue to shape identity and survival on the Spokane Reservation.

A chosen fragment from the novel illuminates Alexie’s complex thematic

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