Arbitration Law Malaysia: Arbitration Act 2005 and Procedures
Meaning and Definition of Arbitration
Definition: Arbitration is a private, consensual, party-driven method of dispute resolution where two or more parties agree to settle a dispute with the assistance of an arbitrator. Source of Authority: Unlike litigation, which derives authority from the State, arbitration’s legitimacy flows from the parties’ agreement. In Collins v Collins (1858) and as approved in Malaysian jurisprudence, arbitration is a ‘reference to the decision of one or more persons…
Read MoreChurn Prediction with Logistic Regression, Choice Models & NLP
⚙️ 1️⃣ Logistic Regression — Churn Prediction
Predict P(churn = 1) via logit link → ln(p/(1-p)) = β0 + βx
| Metric | Meaning | Trade-off / Exam Tip |
|---|---|---|
| Precision = TP/(TP+FP) | How accurate are my churn flags? | Higher precision → fewer false alarms |
| Recall = TP/(TP+FN) | How many real churners are caught? | Higher recall → catch more churners |
| AUC | Probability the model ranks a churner higher than a non‑churner | 0.5 = random, 1 = perfect |
| ROC Curve | TPR (Recall) vs FPR (1 − Specificity) | Curves that bow toward the |
Fundamentals of DBMS and Database Concepts
Data, Information, Knowledge
Data – a fact that can be recorded or stored, e.g., person name, age, gender, weight, etc. Information – when data is processed, organized, structured, or presented in a given context so as to make it useful, it is called information. Knowledge – it is the appropriate collection of information.
DBMS (Database Management System)
DBMS = Database + Set of programs.
- Database – a collection of logically related data; e.g., books database in a library, student database in a university.
Essential Historical and Political Concepts
Key Historical and Political Terms
A to E
- Anachronism — An error of chronological logic or the misplacement of chronology.
- Anthropocene — A period in history, the most recent geological epoch, in which the presence of human beings has made an imprint on the surface of the Earth by way of radioactive fallout, microplastics, and heavy metals, as well as the influencing of the Earth’s climate.
- Capitalism — An economic system in which the means of production are privately owned (instead of by the
Company Winding Up, Company Secretary & Board Duties — India
Unit IV: Winding Up and Company Secretary
1. Winding Up — Definition and Meaning
Winding up of a company refers to the legal process of bringing the life of a company to an end. During winding up, all business operations stop, the company’s assets are collected and sold, and the proceeds are used to pay off debts and liabilities. Any remaining amount is distributed among shareholders according to their rights. Winding up is carried out under the supervision of a liquidator who ensures fair settlement
Spanish Liberalism: Bourbon Dynasty to First Republic
Introduction: The Bourbons, a New Dynasty in Spain
The Habsburg dynasty ended in 1700 with the death of Charles II, who had appointed as his heir the French prince Philip of Bourbon, while Archduke Charles of Habsburg (Austria) claimed his rights to the throne. This led to an international conflict as the balance of power was disturbed, and within Spain, territories supported different pretenders. This resulted in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714).
Philip V of Bourbon won the war. He
Read MoreEssential Physics Laws, Units, and Core Concepts
Fundamental Laws and Conservation Principles
- Newton’s First Law: An object stays in uniform motion unless a net force acts (if net force = 0, motion remains unchanged).
- Newton’s Second Law: Acceleration is proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass.
- Newton’s Third Law: Forces come in equal and opposite pairs (action and reaction).
- Conservation of Energy: Total mechanical energy remains constant if no non-conservative forces act.
- Conservation of Momentum: Total momentum stays constant
Protozoa and Porifera Characteristics and Classification
Phylum Protozoa: Primitive Unicellular Animals
Phylum Protozoa represents the most primitive group of animals, consisting of microscopic, unicellular organisms. Below is an examination of their general characteristics, classification, and a detailed look at the malaria parasite, Plasmodium.
1. General Characters of Phylum Protozoa
- Habit and Habitat: Mostly aquatic (freshwater or marine), but can also be found in damp soil. Many are commensals or parasites.
- Body Organization: Unicellular or acellular;
Key FutureSkills Technologies Driving Digital Transformation
Key FutureSkills Technologies
These technologies represent the cutting edge of digital transformation, driving innovation across every industry by changing how data is processed, stored, and utilized.
I. Data and Infrastructure Technologies
Big Data Analytics
Big Data refers to extremely large data sets that may be analyzed computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behavior and interactions.
- The 3 Vs: Big Data is defined by Volume (massive amount of data)
Understanding Blood Health, Medical Terms, and Wellness
Understanding Blood Health and Related Medical Terminology
- Blood:
- The red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of humans and other vertebrate animals, carrying oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the body’s tissues.
- Blood Cell / Célula Sanguínea:
- Any of the kinds of cells normally found circulating in the blood (e.g., red cells, white cells, platelets).
- Blood Type / Tipo de Sangre:
- Another term for blood group, determined by the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red