Understanding Pain and Dementia in Aging
Pain
The ideas of old age and pain are often considered an inseparable concept. There are no conclusive studies; some authors admit that there is diminished pain perception, although the multiple disorders, chronicity, and atypicality of syndromes make the study of pain in aging difficult. Conversely, some authors maintain that chronic pain is more severe in the elderly due to the psychological, social, and cultural rights of older people, where decreased adaptability to changes increases vulnerability.
Read MoreInfluential Scientists and Their Groundbreaking Discoveries
Presentations
– Sigmund Freud (XX): The father of psychoanalysis, Austrian neurologist best known for developing techniques of psychoanalysis. He described three levels of the mind: conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. He maintained that people could be cured by making their unconscious conscious. The aim of psychoanalysis therapy is to release repressed emotions and experiences.
– Archimedes (IIIBC): Mathematician, physicist, engineer, and inventor. The greatest scientist of the classical age,
Read MorePost-Mortem Body Changes
Signs of Cadaveric Phenomena
These are biochemical and structural changes in tissues of a lifeless body, occurring passively due to environmental influences.
They have three different origins: chemical changes, abiotic phenomena, and putrefaction.
Chemical Changes in Cadaveric Tissues
Anoxia and progressive acidification of the internal environment with autolytic processes give rise to a series of signs of death.
Most significant are those due to changes in the internal environment’s reaction.
After death,
Read MoreIntravenous Drug Administration Methods
Intravenous Drug Administration
Intravenous (IV) therapy involves administering liquid substances directly into a vein using a needle or catheter. This method can be intermittent or continuous (IV drip).
Routes of Administration
- Drugs
- Blood transfusions
- Lethal injections
Drugs are often presented in powder form and reconstituted into solutions shortly before administration to prevent changes. Technicians can prepare and administer these solutions under the strict supervision of a healthcare professional.
Read MoreUnderstanding Medical Terminology and Concepts
Needle /ni:dl/ – a very thin pointed steel tube at the end of a syringe, which is pushed into your skin to put a drug or medicine into your body and to take out blood.
Syringe – it consists of a hollow plastic tube and a needle.
Viscous /viskas/ – a viscous liquid is very thick (almost solid) and sticky and does not flow easily.
Hickman Catheter – a central venous catheter most often used for the administration of chemotherapy or other medications, as well
Read MoreCommon English Phrases and Word Meanings
Vocabulary Definitions and Terms
- Brief
- Containing few words.
- Wealthy
- Rich.
- A fact of life
- Something that cannot be changed.
- Steel
- Strong (like).
- Layer
- Level.
- A safeguard
- Protective measure.
- To pay off
- A positive result brought about by hard work.
- Death toll
- The number of people who have died.
- Not stand a chance
- To have no possibility of achieving something.
- Beyond someone’s means
- More than one can afford.
- Withstand (withstood, withstood)
- To resist successfully.
- To crumble
- Break or fall apart into small pieces.
- To shake
- Tremble