Oral vs. Written Texts: Characteristics & Types

Oral vs. Written Text: Key Differences

Oral text, the most natural way of communication, is a way to maintain contact with the world. It forms part of everyday life.

Characteristics of Oral Text:

  • It has been the *only* form of communication for many centuries.
  • Spoken words play a dominant role in communication, favoring human relations.
  • The channel for oral texts is *auditory*.
  • Oral texts are **spontaneous** and **instantaneous**.
  • They are highly dependent on context, including the people involved and
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Understanding Hearing Loss: Types, Assessment & Treatment

Understanding Hearing Loss: Types, Assessment, and Treatment

Hearing impairment refers to quantitative alterations in the correct perception of hearing.

Deafness or Cofosis is the total loss of hearing. In this case, language is acquired through the visual pathway. Early diagnosis and proper rehabilitation are crucial to prevent the most significant consequence of childhood hearing loss: growing up without language.

Decreased hearing loss allows for the acquisition of spoken language through the auditory

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Audio-Lingual Method & Language Acquisition Stages

Audio-Lingual and Army Methods

The audio-lingual method, also known as the Army Method, is a teaching style used in foreign language instruction. It’s rooted in behaviorist theory, which posits that certain traits in living beings, including humans, can be trained through reinforcement. Correct usage receives positive feedback, while incorrect usage receives negative feedback.

This approach is similar to the earlier direct method. Like the direct method, the audio-lingual method advocates for teaching

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Language Varieties: History, Geography, and Sociocultural Aspects

Language Varieties: An Introduction

Language exists as a code that is shaped by its community members, serving as a model or standard of correct usage. It is diverse linguistically due to the specific use by each speaker or group of speakers.

Historical Varieties

Over time, languages undergo evolution, manifested by changes in their constituent signs, affecting the signifier, the signified, or both.

Geographical Varieties

A dialect is a system of signs with its own peculiarities, but without sufficient

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Understanding Applied Linguistics and Language Acquisition

Applied Linguistics

Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field that identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related, real-life problems. The academic fields related to applied linguistics are translation, language technology, computer-assisted language learning, second language acquisition, educational linguistics, critical discourse analysis, language policy, situated language practices, rhetoric, and terminology.

Language Variation

Variation in language use among speakers

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Understanding Literary Devices in Writing

Literary Devices: Definitions and Examples

Phonetic Level

NAME

EXAMPLE

EXPLANATION

ROLE

Alliteration

It remains an open question how stammering…

Repetition of a single vowel or consonant phoneme.

Onomatopoeia

Uco, uco, uco, uco

Bee-eater.

Imitation of real sounds through the use of certain phonemes.

Rhyme

1. Assonant

2. Consonant

Filled with water lilies (Assonant)

He hit the back (Consonant)

Repetition of sounds from the last accented vowel.

Assonant: Vowels and consonants

Consonant: Only vowels

Morphosyntactic Level

  • Paronomasia:
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