Mastering Active and Passive Voice in English
Verb Tenses: Active and Passive Voice
Present Simple
- Active: Cultivan (They grow)
- Passive: Es cultivado (It is grown) / Están cultivados (They are grown) / Está siendo cultivado (It is being grown)
Future Simple
- Active: Cultivarán (They will grow) / Van a cultivar (They are going to grow)
- Passive: Será cultivado (It will be grown) / Va a ser cultivado (It is going to be grown)
Past Simple
- Active: Cultivaron (They grew)
- Passive: Fue cultivado (It was grown)
Present Perfect
- Active: Han cultivado (They have
Key Concepts in English Grammar and Vocabulary
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Countables: Use a few and many. Examples: a few hours, many people, many drops. You can use ‘a lot of’ at the end of a sentence.
Uncountables: Use a little and much. Examples: a little time, much sugar, much makeup, much money. You can use ‘a lot of’.
Prepositions of Place and Time
- AT: Specific places (at home), weekends (at the weekend), expressions with ‘about’ (at about…).
- IN: General places like cities or rooms (in a room), evenings (in the evening).
- ON: Surfaces
Business English Vocabulary and Grammar
Business English Vocabulary
Vocabulary:
- Account: Cuenta
- Accounts Department: Contabilidad
- Accountant: Contable
- AGM (Annual General Meeting): Junta General
- Apply for: Solicitar
- Appoint: Nombrar
- Board of Directors: Junta Directiva
- CEO (Chief Executive Officer): Director General
- Chairman: Presidente
- Facilities: Instalaciones, Medios
- Finance (to): Financiar
- Franchise: Franquicia
- Manager: Director, Encargado, Responsable
- Managing Director: Director General
- Payroll: Nómina
- Range: Gama
- Share: Participación, Acción
- Shareholder:
Business Correspondence: Letters, Emails, and Resumes
Business Letter Structure
Left-aligned: Your Name and Address
Left-aligned: Recipient (e.g., The Production Manager, LG Ltd.)
Recipient’s Address (e.g., Brown Street, Singapore)
Optional (for internal memos): “Private and Confidential”
Right-aligned: Date (e.g., 1 January 2001)
Left-aligned: Salutation
- Dear Sir or Madam
- Dear Mr./Mrs./Miss [Last Name]
- Messrs (for multiple male recipients)
- Dr./Prof. [Last Name]
Left-aligned: Subject of Letter (e.g., Visit to Japan)
Body Paragraph(s): Use future tense constructions
Read MoreEssential Vocabulary for Business Meetings, Travel & Health
Topic 9
Scheduling Meetings
Attend, asistir / Break, descanso / Busy, ocupado / Check your calendar, comprobar tu agenda / Confirm, confirmar / Equipment, equipo / Free, gratis / Give a presentation, dar una presentación / Hold a meeting, celebrar una reunión / Light refreshments, refrescos ligeros / Make arrangements, hacer preparativos / Participant, participante / Previous commitment, cita previa / Projector, proyector / Schedule, agendar / Sharp, afilado / Take place, tener lugar / Tied up,
Read MoreMastering English: Grammar, Vocabulary, and Common Mistakes
Personal Qualities and Vocabulary
A person who works a lot is hard-working. A person who is not afraid is brave. A person who is optimistic is also positive. A person who likes to give things to others is generous. A person who likes to do things on his/her own is independent. A person who tells other people what they have to do is bossy. A person who likes rules and discipline is strict. A person who works hard to reach their objectives is determined. A person who expects a lot from others is demanding.
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