Accounting: Plant Assets and Intangibles

Key Accounting Terms

This document defines key accounting terms related to plant assets, intangible assets, and related concepts.

Asset Valuation and Depreciation

  • Plant Assets: Resources that have physical substance, are used in the operations of a business, and are not intended for sale to customers.
  • Cash Equivalent Price: An amount equal to the fair value of the asset given up or the fair value of the asset received, whichever is more clearly determinable.
  • Depreciation: The process of allocating to
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Political Risk: Types, Assessment, and Management

Political risk refers to the complications businesses and investors may face due to political decisions, events, or conditions in a specific country or region. These can significantly influence the profitability, viability, and operational efficiency of economic activities. Here are five types of political risk, their potential impacts on businesses, and strategies for managing them:

Types of Political Risk

  • Expropriation and Nationalization
    • Effect on Business: A government might seize a company’s
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Understanding Wireless Networks: Elements, Taxonomy, and Mobility

Elements of a Wireless Network

Wireless Hosts: Laptops, smartphones that run applications. They may be stationary (non-mobile) or mobile. Wireless does not always mean mobility.

Base Station: Typically connected to a wired network. It relays packets between the wired network and wireless host(s) in its area (e.g., cell towers, 802.11 access points).

Wireless Link: Typically used to connect mobile devices to a base station. It can also be used as a backbone link. A multiple access protocol coordinates

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Effective Planning in Administration: Concepts and Strategies

Elements of the Administrative Process

1. Planning in the Administrative Process

Concept:

Planning involves determining what to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who should do it. Effective planning bridges the gap between the current state and the desired future state. It enables proactive action, although predicting the future perfectly is rarely possible, and external factors can impact even the best-laid plans. Without planning, outcomes are left to chance.

The planning process is intellectually

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MSMEs and Diverse Entrepreneurship Types in India

Role and Need for MSMEs in the Indian Economy

There is no universally accepted definition of a small-scale industry, as it varies from country to country and over time within the same country, depending on the stage of development, price levels, and government policy. Previously, industries that manufactured goods and provided services on a small or micro scale were granted Small Scale Industries (SSI) registration by the Ministry of Small-Scale Industries.

However, after the government passed the

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Management Functions, Levels, and Control Methods

Management Functions

Functions of Management:

  • Planning: Prepared for the future.
  • Organizing: Everything in its place and time.
  • Leading: Guide a group to achieve an objective.
  • Controlling: To be sure everything is right and well.

Levels of Management

  • Top: CEO, board of directors.
  • Middle: Area or department manager.
  • Low Level: Team leader, supervisor, chiefs.
  • Non-Manager: Employees – workers.

Types of Managers

  • General: Responsible for all the company’s complex units.
  • Functional: Responsible for a unit.

Types

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