The Industrial Revolution: Causes, Consequences, and Social Movements
Why Great Britain? The Origins of the Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, a period of profound technological advancement and societal change, began in Great Britain during the 18th century. Several key factors contributed to this unique historical development:
Favorable Conditions for Industrialization
- Agricultural Revolution: The 18th century saw significant improvements in agricultural practices, leading to increased food production and a surplus of labor available for new industries.
The High Middle Ages: Feudalism, Social Organization, and the Church
The High Middle Ages and Feudalism
Characteristics of the Fiefdom
Many fiefdoms were self-sufficient, providing everything their inhabitants needed.
A fiefdom consisted of various areas:
- The castle: the lord’s residence, shared with family, vassals (knights), and servants.
- The demesne: the lord’s land.
- The village: home to farmers (serfs and free peasants), a church, taverns, traders’ stalls, and workshops.
- Tenements: plots of land rented to peasants in exchange for part of their harvest.
- Other communal
Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources: Importance and Threats
Renewable Resources
Renewable resources, together with inexhaustible resources (sunlight, wind, salty water…) are fundamental because their existence and renewal depend on rational use. Examples are land and forests.
Fertile soil is one of the most important because agriculture and livestock form the basis of the global food supply, and overexploitation can use it up. Excessive use of pesticides, fertilisers and inappropriate crops make the soil less fertile, or make land disappear altogether (desertification,
Read MorePrinciples of Flight
Ethnic Group: members perceive themselves as different from others because of a common ancestry or shared culture Examples: Philippine Canadian – More Acadian flags in particular regions in Canada. Linked to ancestors and to specific cultural traditions. Linked to the past and elders. Implies minority status. Religion is a source of conflict. Example: France – Conceives itself as a singular ethnic identity. Example: Uganda is home to 50 or more tribes
Race: distinct group of a species that only develops
Read MoreUnderstanding Agriculture: Farming, Land Use, and Technology
Agriculture
is part of the primary sector, which includes arable farming, livestock farming, forestry, and hunting. The product of these activities provides us with food and raw materials.
Arable land:
Used only for agriculture
Agricultural land:
Where agricultural activities take place (agriculture and livestock farming)
Rural land:
All mentioned above, plus food industry, rural tourism, and homem
Arable farming:
Physical factors:
- Climate: Temperatures and rainfall.
- Relief: Altitude affects crop growth,
Medieval Europe: A Comprehensive Overview of Society, Culture, and Art
Medieval Europe: A Comprehensive Overview
1. The Revival of Europe
From the 11th to the 13th century, Europe experienced a significant revival. Increased food production led to a population boom and a greater demand for goods. Trade flourished, creating routes across Europe, including the Mediterranean, Atlantic, and Baltic routes. Trade fairs became important centers for merchants to buy and sell products such as leather, fur, textiles, and spices.