15th Century Literature: Key Developments & Impact

15th Century Literature: Key Developments

Economic and Social Landscape

Politically, there was a tendency towards the concentration of royal power across nearly all of Western Europe. The expansion of communication routes, improved means of transport, and a booming trade fostered the emergence of business activities that transcended the barriers of guilds and cities. This opened new avenues, even for the Church and aristocracy. A crisis emerged in social relations among the estates. The development

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Global Dynamics: China’s Past and Modern Migration Challenges

19th Century China: Imperial Structure and Nationalist Movements

During the nineteenth century, China’s nationalist movement operated within a feudal, monarchical, and imperial structure, characterized by a strong centralized government and bureaucracy. The social base consisted of a vast population living in a near-slavery regime, dominated by a minority of noble landowners. After the Opium War, China lost to the United Kingdom, and the imperial court had already yielded strategic cities to Portugal,

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Habsburg Spain: Rise, Zenith, and Decline of a Global Empire

The Universal Empire of Charles V

There was a great inheritance, from the Catholic Monarchs and Philip of Habsburg. This inheritance included:

  • The realms of Spain, Navarre, and the Crown of Aragon
  • American possessions
  • Italian territories
  • From his father: the Netherlands and Luxembourg

Internal Problems in France

France, under Charles V’s reign, faced significant internal problems:

  • Revolt of the Communities: A protest by gentlemen, artisans, and traders against economic policy and a perceived lack of respect
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Challenges of Developing Nations: Neocolonialism, Non-Alignment, and Economic Realities

ITEM 10

Neocolonialism: Economic and Cultural Control

Neocolonialism is based on cultural and economic control exerted by some developed countries over their former colonies or other developing countries. The economic control and exploitation of resources, often targeting minority interests belonging to a foreign country, is not always conducive to agricultural and industrial development.

Methods of Neocolonialism

Three primary methods have been observed:

  • Economic Control: Achieved through investment,
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Spanish Industrial Evolution: 1855-1975 Analysis

Historical Development of Spanish Industry (1855-1975)

Early Industrialization (Late 19th Century)

The start of Spanish industrialization occurred late compared to other Western European countries. The causes were:

  • Poor endowment in raw materials and some basic energy products.
  • Low availability of entrepreneurial capital.
  • Technological backwardness.
  • Limited demand for industrial products.
  • Preference for external markets/trade.
  • Inadequate industrial policies.

Industrial Growth (Early 20th Century)

In the first

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Historical Perspectives: Halloween & Decolonization

The Origins of Halloween

Halloween traces its roots to the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain, celebrated over 2,000 years ago in what is now Ireland, the UK, and northern France. The Celts followed a calendar that divided the year into two main parts: the light half (spring and summer) and the dark half (fall and winter). Samhain marked the end of the harvest season and the start of winter, a time associated with death and the supernatural. The Celts believed that on the night of October 31, the

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