Unified Exam on Research Methods: Key Concepts

Unified Exam on Research Methods

1. A population is a group of ___ who have the same characteristic.

Individuals

2. The first step in the collection of quantitative data involves the identification of the people and places that you wish to study. This means…

Determining whether you will study individuals or entire organizations or a combination of the two.

3. In the following study, what would be the dependent variable in the work? “The impact of adolescent aggression on school climate.”

School

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Marketing Essentials: Concepts, Principles, and Strategies

What is Marketing?

Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others.

Target Marketing

The dual goal of marketing is to attract new customers by promising higher value and to retain existing customers by ensuring satisfaction.

Marketing Concept

  • Identify needs and/or unfulfilled desires that could turn into a business.
  • Develop a supply (commercial mix) according to the customers. Assist
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Key Marketing Concepts: Definitions and Strategies

Key Marketing Concepts

Business Subsystem in the Company

An interrelated set of elements and variables in which the business function of the company is developed.

Marketing

Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.

Environment

The environment is the set of direct and indirect, controllable and uncontrollable forces that are likely to exert influences

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Key Marketing, Consumer, and Product Terms

Key Marketing Terms

Marketing

Marketing encompasses all activities that move goods from producers to consumers, including production, distribution, packaging, and pricing.

Consumer

A consumer is the user of a product and a member of the market.

Product

A product can be a consumer good, an industrial good, a service, a specific category, or a brand.

Advertising

Advertising is any means of promoting the sale and use of a product through paid promotion in major media.

Marketing Concept

The marketing concept

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Market Entry Strategies: Communication, Advertising, and Public Relations

Item 5: Market Entry Strategies

5.1 Reactions to Market Entry and Overcoming Barriers

Entering a new market can face obstacles, including:

  • The need for significant technological innovation.
  • Highly competitive existing companies.
  • Defensive strategies from incumbent companies (e.g., improved quality, discounts).

Ways to Overcome Barriers:

  • Analyze Market Differences: Identify opportunities presented by the new market.
  • Establish Competitive Strategies:
    • Cost Leadership: Offer lower costs.
    • Product Differentiation:
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Effective Strategies for Enterprise Decision-Making

Strategies to Improve Decision-Making in the Enterprise

Decision trees assess the various possible consequences of a decision.

  • Decision Node: A point where a person must decide among several choices when facing a problem.
  • Probability Node: At this point, the process takes a random event.
  • Branch: Shows the possible paths to take after each of the two nodes.

The SWOT method is used to analyze the possibilities of implementing new decisions in a company. The analysis is done on two levels:

  • Internal to the
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