The Evolution of Rhetoric Through the Ages

Historical Evolution

1. Rhetoric in the Middle Ages:

– Rhetoric is increasingly losing weight compared to dialectic and grammar.

– However, the desire to safeguard the classics keeps rhetoric alive, mostly in the fields of the arts and religion.

– Rhetoric and its relationship with the poetic are also present in the Middle Ages, as Spang says, “both versified texts and prose writing are considered forms of eloquence.”


2. Rhetoric in the Renaissance:

– Rhetoric and poetics remain closely linked.

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Understanding Different Writing Formats

Narrative Writing Essentials

A narrative tells a story, typically set in the past. It can be based on real events or be entirely imaginary.

Structure

  1. Paragraph 1: Introduce the characters and explain the background.
  2. Paragraph 2: Describe the main event(s).
  3. Paragraph 3: Explain what happened in the end (resolution).

Linkers

Useful linking words include: Also, although, as, as well, because, but.

Useful Expressions

  • I will never forget it.
  • It was the best day of my life.

Content Tips

  • Add detail to make the story
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Competency Portfolios in University Education

Understanding the Learning Portfolio

The portfolio is a personal document, promoted by the European Consensus, in which the user or student learning a language—either within a school context or outside of it—can record their learning experiences, reflect on them, and self-assess using the objective parameters of the European Framework for Languages.

University Competency Portfolio Implementation

The dynamics of using portfolios for competencies at the university level would generally follow these

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Analyzing Scientific, Humanistic, and Essay Texts

Scientific Texts

  • Introduction
  • Linguistic Characterization

Subject

Structure

Deductive: general to particular

Inductive: particular to general

Scientific-Technical Register

Objectivity

Removes any reference to personal elements at the morphosyntactic level, such as indicative mood and grammatical structures with restrictive value (specified relative clauses and prepositional phrases), indeterminate sentences with the agent, and denotative vocabulary.

Universality

Judgments whose validity exceeds the limits

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Techniques for Effective Technical Discussions and Debate

Technical Discussion and Debate Techniques

Effective communication is crucial in technical fields. This document outlines various techniques for fostering productive discussions and debates, as well as strategies for sound argumentation.

Presence of Hearing: Frameworks for Information Delivery

These frameworks allow the public to reflect on a theme and form an opinion:

  • Free Discussion: Requires only participants.
  • Addressed Discussion: Involves participating partners and a coordinator. This format requires
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Education in the 17th Century: Locke, Comenius & Guilds

Locke’s Vision for Educating British Gentlemen

How should the education of a British gentleman be according to Locke?

John Locke’s philosophy on the education of English gentlemen emphasized a holistic approach. He envisioned them as individuals with multifaceted development: physical, intellectual, social, practical, moral, political, and religious. Locke believed that education should enable men to thrive in all these dimensions.

Comenius’ Educational Project: Universal Schooling

How was the educational

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