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What is James Baldwin’s understanding of history? Baldwin believes that history is written by the writer and therefore you only see it from that perspective. History always portrays white people as the saviours of black people.// What is the meaning of the “most disagreeable mirror” that James Baldwin speaks about? The whole American optic in terms of reality is based in the necessity of keeping black people out of it. They are non-existent. Except according to their terms, and their terms
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1.Does corporate theory assist our understanding of company law?The fact the state had the dominant role in the formation of companies through charter or statute led to the view that the company was a concession or privilege from the state.
The concession theory (hereafter, concession) is also linked with the fiction theory (hereafter, fiction). Fiction theory similarly emphasises the law’s key role in the creation of the corporation. It views the corporation as a legal person rather than a natural
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Basis of traffic engineering1.Present the definition of traffic flow-intensity/road capacity/density/AADT/ADT.
Volume/flow: The total number of vehicles that pass over a given point or section of a lane or roadway during a given time interval. It may be expressed in terms of annual, daily, hourly, or sub-hourly periods; usually in [v/h] or [v/d].
Volume is an actual number of vehicles observed or predicted to passing a point during a given interval.
Road capacity - The maximum traffic flow obtainable
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Article 101(1) prohibits joint not individual conduct. The reference to agreements between undertakins requires some element of collusion between independent undertakings, the many Article 101(1) cases the existence of an agreement is not in doubt. There may be doubt, however, as to the precise terms of the agreement or as to whether the terms can be said to restrict competition.
The term agreement has been given a liberal construction. Numerous cases have dealt with the meaning of an agreement
for
competition
Vertical agreements are agreements concluded between firms which operate at different levels at different levels of the production and supply chain. Vertical agreements provide the links in the distribution chain from raw material to the final consumer.
Initially, the Commission took an extremely formalistic approach when determining whether vertical agreements infringed Article 101. This led to treatment of agreement by category and form, rather than by economic effect.
In 1996, the Commission issued
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THE CHANGE TO THE ENFORCEMENT REGIME.
Regulation 1/200 is the essential piece for the modernized enforcement regime, as it introduced fundamental changes to the way in which articles 101 and 102 TFUE are enforced.
The previous implementing legislation, Regulation 17, conferred the central role in the application and enforcement of the EC competition law upon the Commission and the role of the NCAs and national courts was peripheral.
Regulation 1/2003 descentralised application and enforcement and gave
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