18th Century Spanish Foreign Policy in Europe
Eighteenth Century Spain: The Development of Foreign Policy in Europe
Post-War of Succession Diplomacy
Following the War of Succession, Spanish diplomacy and the early Spanish army attempted to revise the Utrecht agreements on multiple fronts. One key objective was the denial of the French claim to the Spanish throne. However, the overarching goal of eighteenth-century Spanish foreign policy was the recovery of territories lost in the Peace of Utrecht, which inevitably meant confrontation with England.
Read MoreImperialism and World War I: A Historical Overview
Imperialism and War
Bismarck and Armed Peace
The resentment of France after the loss of the rich regions of Alsace and Lorraine was a source of fear for Germany, which focused on their isolation.
- Three Bismarckian systems were carried out between Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and later Italy. The unparalleled rivalry between Russia and Austria led to its failure.
- From 1890 Bismarck was removed from power, passing into the hands of Kaiser Wilhelm II.
- The alliance system proposed by Germany found an
World War II: Causes and Consequences
Causes of World War II
Treaty of Versailles and its Consequences
After the First World War (1914-1918), weak and unfair peace treaties caused dissatisfaction and a desire for revenge among many populations. This, combined with grand ambitions and rivalries between countries (especially those that lost territory), fueled further conflict.
Many countries aimed to control and exploit the natural resources of certain areas. Hitler, for example, sought to make Germany a global land power, mirroring Britain’
Read MoreA Concise History of Europe: From the Enlightenment to the Spanish Civil War
SOCIALES 1
Girondist, name given to a political moderate, federalist group of the National Assembly and National Convention it was composed by several deputies from the Gironde. Is a constitutional monarchy form of government where the monarch holds the head of state.’s Suffrage or census-allocation is the right to vote only to the portion of the population that is registered in a census.
The manufacture describes the transformation of raw materials into finished goods for sale.
Autarky is a concept
The Ecclesiastical Confiscations of Mendizábal and Madoz in Spain
The Confiscation of Church Property in Spain
Introduction
This document examines the historical, political, and economic context of the ecclesiastical confiscations in Spain during the 19th century, focusing on the decrees issued by Juan Alvarez Mendizábal in 1836 and Pascual Madoz in 1855. These confiscations, driven by the liberal government’s need to address public debt and weaken the Church’s power, had profound consequences for Spanish society and the economy.
The Mendizábal Confiscation (1836)
Read MoreThe Formation of Catalonia: From Marca Hispanica to Independence
1. The Formation of the Marca Hispanica and the Origins of Catalonia
During this period, the Catalan language emerged, and the Catalan counties began their journey towards independence from the Frankish kingdom.
1.1 Carolingian Conquest
Between 716 and 726, Catalonia was conquered by Muslims. In 732, the Muslims were defeated by the Frankish army led by Charles Martel at the Battle of Poitiers. To prevent further Muslim incursions, the Frankish King Charlemagne established a marca between the Pyrenees
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