Sociolinguistics: Core Concepts & Language Dynamics
Which field does not belong to sociolinguistics?
- (A) Ethnography of communication
- (B) Sociology of language
- (C) Social psychology of language
- (D) Interactional sociolinguistics
- (E) Formal linguistics
Sociolinguistics is:
- (A) A single linguistic discipline
- (B) Multidisciplinary
The concept of ‘covert prestige’ is associated with:
- (A) The standard variety
- (B) Non-standard varieties
Social network studies have shown that vernacular maintenance is found in:
- (A) Loose-knit networks
- (B) Close-knit networks
- (C) Both
The
Galician Language: History, Evolution, and Current Status
History of the Galician Language in the 20th Century
Before the Civil War
This period saw two opposing processes regarding the legacy of the previous century:
- The upper classes began to abandon Galician, a trend later followed by the lower classes. As people moved from rural areas to cities, and due to emigration, the Galician-speaking population decreased significantly.
- Efforts were made for Galician language recovery, not only for literary use but also for social activities. This led to the creation
David Hume and the Enlightenment Era
The Enlightenment: Context for Hume’s Philosophy
The historical context for the thought of David Hume (1711-1776) is the eighteenth century, a period widely known as the “Enlightenment.” This era essentially spans the entire eighteenth century, particularly from 1688—when the Whig Revolution triumphed in England—until 1789—the year of the French Revolution. However, it’s important to note that the Enlightenment developed at different times and acquired peculiar characteristics in each country.
Read MoreGlobal Political Systems: Constitutions, Governance, and Society
This document familiarizes students with key aspects of various global political systems, examining their unwritten or written constitutions, social and economic makeup, party and electoral systems, and forms of governance. It offers a powerful case study in how historical experiences, social dynamics, and institutional arrangements shape modern governance across diverse nations.
United Kingdom: Political System and Evolution
Britain, officially known as the United Kingdom (UK), is a union of four
Read MoreSpain’s ‘Revolution from Above’: Maura and Canalejas Era
The “Revolution from Above”: Maura and Canalejas’s Reforms
With some nuances, Maura and Canalejas shared a common purpose, albeit with different programs. They sought to transform the political system from the top down, led by those at the helm of the Liberal and Conservative parties.
The Liberal Party: From Clientelism to Ideological Blurring
The Liberal Party had historically been characterized by its focus on clientelism and regional interests. Following Canalejas’s death, the party’s ideological
Read MoreSpain’s 1869 Constitution: Liberal Reforms & Legacy
Spain’s 1869 Constitution: Progressive Reforms
Genesis and Core Principles
Context of the 1868 Revolution
This authentic historical document, the Constitution of 1869, was drafted by deputies in the Constituent Assembly after the progressives won the election in 1868. Liberals were among the more moderate elements of the revolutionary movement.
Pillars of the New Charter
This constitution was progressive in nature. It established the national sovereignty of Spain as a state and as a parliamentary monarchy.
Read More