David Hume and the Enlightenment Era
The Enlightenment: Context for Hume’s Philosophy
The historical context for the thought of David Hume (1711-1776) is the eighteenth century, a period widely known as the “Enlightenment.” This era essentially spans the entire eighteenth century, particularly from 1688—when the Whig Revolution triumphed in England—until 1789—the year of the French Revolution. However, it’s important to note that the Enlightenment developed at different times and acquired peculiar characteristics in each country.
Read MoreGlobal Political Systems: Constitutions, Governance, and Society
This document familiarizes students with key aspects of various global political systems, examining their unwritten or written constitutions, social and economic makeup, party and electoral systems, and forms of governance. It offers a powerful case study in how historical experiences, social dynamics, and institutional arrangements shape modern governance across diverse nations.
United Kingdom: Political System and Evolution
Britain, officially known as the United Kingdom (UK), is a union of four
Read MoreSpain’s ‘Revolution from Above’: Maura and Canalejas Era
The “Revolution from Above”: Maura and Canalejas’s Reforms
With some nuances, Maura and Canalejas shared a common purpose, albeit with different programs. They sought to transform the political system from the top down, led by those at the helm of the Liberal and Conservative parties.
The Liberal Party: From Clientelism to Ideological Blurring
The Liberal Party had historically been characterized by its focus on clientelism and regional interests. Following Canalejas’s death, the party’s ideological
Read MoreSpain’s 1869 Constitution: Liberal Reforms & Legacy
Spain’s 1869 Constitution: Progressive Reforms
Genesis and Core Principles
Context of the 1868 Revolution
This authentic historical document, the Constitution of 1869, was drafted by deputies in the Constituent Assembly after the progressives won the election in 1868. Liberals were among the more moderate elements of the revolutionary movement.
Pillars of the New Charter
This constitution was progressive in nature. It established the national sovereignty of Spain as a state and as a parliamentary monarchy.
Read MoreAccident Investigation Process: Preventing Recurrence
Any accident investigation seeks to discover as accurately as possible the circumstances and risk situations that led to its occurrence. The goal is to identify causes by understanding the facts. To achieve this, the investigation should follow five successive stages: data collection, data integration, determination of causes, selection of main causes, and management of causes. The ultimate aim is to eliminate the accident’s determinants, prevent recurrence, and apply lessons learned to enhance
Read MoreMarx’s Philosophy: Man, Alienation, Materialism
Marx’s View of Man and Alienation
Alienation, in Marx’s anthropology, is a historical situation resulting from a specific socioeconomic organization. This organization related to work constitutes human essence.
Characteristics of Man
- Man is a natural being with natural needs for subsistence. Work is the means to satisfy these needs.
- Man is not the only being that separates itself from nature through work; through work, man seeks to transform nature to serve his purposes.
- The consideration of work as