Isabel II’s Reign: Regency and Liberal Reforms (1833-1843)
Isabel II’s Reign (1833-1843): The Regency
The Regency of Maria Cristina
Item 14. Isabel II (1833-1843). Regency. The will of Fernando VII provided for the creation of a Governing Council to advise the Regent, Maria Cristina. This council was chaired by Francisco Cea Bermúdez and composed mostly of moderate absolutists. The new cabinet proclaimed itself a defender of absolutism, while proposing some timid administrative reforms. The only reform undertaken by this government was the new provincial
Read MoreReign of Isabel II of Spain: A Three-Stage Analysis (1843-1868)
**Isabel II: The True Kingdom**
The reign of Elizabeth II began in 1843 when she was only 13. In 1846, she married her cousin Francis of Assisi of Bourbon, with whom she contracted a marriage of convenience because of pressure from France and Britain. The queen had a number of infidelities that created conflicts between the spouses. We can divide the reign of Elizabeth II into three stages:
- Moderate Decade (1844-1854)
- The Progressive Biennium (1854-1856)
- The Last Stage of the Reign of Isabel II (1856-
Spain’s Integration into NATO and the European Union
**International Integration: NATO and Europe**
During the transition, domestic politics dominated over foreign affairs. However, democratization and Europeanization occurred in parallel.
**Government of UCD**
After the 1977 elections, the government of Adolfo Suárez presented the request to join the European Common Market. This was reinforced by the adoption of the Spanish Constitution via referendum in December 1978. Joining the European Common Market was a priority for Spanish democracy and vital
Read MoreSpain’s Democratic Sexenio: Revolution of 1868 to First Republic
The Revolution of 1868: The “Glorious” Revolution
The Revolution of 1868, also known as the “Glorious Revolution,” began in Cadiz in September 1868. It marked the dethronement of Isabel II and the beginning of the period called the “Democratic Sexenio.”
Causes of the Revolution
The Revolution of 1868 was caused by a combination of economic and political crises, coupled with the exhaustion and unpopularity of Spanish conservatism. This ultimately ended the reign of Elizabeth II.
- Economic Crisis: The
Franco’s Regime: International Relations and State Structure
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND EVOLUTION OF RÈGIMAl beginning of World War II (September 39)
Franco showed their support for the powers that had helped during the Civil War, but was not able materials involved a war, so Franco declared Spain’s neutrality.
The German victory over France (June 1940) led to the passage of the non-neutrality bel.Ligerància (economic and diplomatic support to the powers of the axis), which then emerge as victors of the war. Germany and Italy were probed the possibilities
Spanish War of Independence & Rise of Liberalism: 1812 Constitution
1. The War of Independence and the Beginnings of the Liberal Revolution: Constitution of 1812
Napoleon’s biggest mistake was believing that the Spanish were to be as easily dominated as their kings, Charles IV and Ferdinand VII, had been. A minority of Spanish accepted the arrival of the French and Jose I. These individuals are called Francophiles, and they can be categorized into three types:
- Convinced: Those who believed a change would benefit Spain.
- Opportunists: Those who sided with the stronger