Spanish Civil War: Origins and International Impact
**The Beginning of the Conflict: From Military Revolt to Civil War**
Since the proclamation of the Republic, and since the victory of the Popular Front coalition of the left in February 1936, Spain had also been initiated in a process of democratic revolution that jeopardized the interests and privileges of the traditionally dominant forces: the agricultural and financial oligarchy, the Church, and the Army.
On July 18, 1936, a military coup that failed to mobilize popular support became a civil war
Read MorePostwar Spain 1939-1959: Franco’s Regime and Economic Policies
Postwar Spain, 1939-1959: Political, Social, and Economic Issues
Political Aspects: The Consolidation of the New State
After the Civil War, Franco introduced a military dictatorship in Spain, abolishing liberal inspiration, parliamentarism, and communism.
A. The Organization of the New State
- Concentration of Power:
- Franco established a totalitarian state model, a combination of a fascist state, a military dictatorship, and an absolute monarchy without a king.
- Franco assumed all powers: Chief of State,
The Russian Revolution and Societal Changes After WWI
Consequences of World War I: Political and Territorial
The Peace of Paris resulted in a profound territorial restructuring of Europe. First, there was the dismemberment of the great empires, and new states were created. In addition to the territorial changes, political transformations also occurred. Democracy was gaining ground: Germany and Austria, as well as some new states, proclaimed democratic republics. Universal male suffrage was introduced in almost all of Europe.
Social Changes After World
Read MoreSpanish Bourbon Dynasty: Centralized Absolutism and Reform
The War of Spanish Succession (1701-1713)
Castile remained faithful to the Bourbon monarch, Philip V. However, most of the territories of the Crown of Aragon supported the Austrian candidate, fearing the loss of their privileges. The war initially favored the Philippists, who achieved victory in the Battle of Almansa (1707), subsequently occupying Valencia and Zaragoza.
In 1713, Archduke Charles of Austria inherited the imperial crown after his brother’s death. Now fearful of excessive Habsburg power,
Read MoreSpanish Civil War: 1936-1939, A Comprehensive Timeline
1936 Military Uprising: Development of the Spanish Civil War
On July 17, 1936, in Melilla, Tetuan, and Ceuta, and on the 18th on the peninsula, a significant sector of the army, traditionalists (Carlists), and Falangists staged a coup. They seized government agencies (civilian governments, municipalities, etc.) in some cities and constituted a board of senior military officers with the intent to “restore order” and end the Popular Front government, which had been democratically elected.
The military
Read MoreDecolonization: A Historical Analysis of Asia and Africa
Stages of the Process of Decolonization
Decolonization began in the Indian subcontinent and then spread through the rest of Asia and Africa. We can distinguish three major stages:
- The first initial stage, located between 1945 and 1955. This phase affected mainly the Asian continent and the Middle East.
- The second phase covers the period between 1955 and 1970. Its main feature was the expansion of the phenomenon of decolonization across Africa. At this stage, the UN had a significant role.
- The last stage