Franco’s Regime: Autarky, Development, and Transition
Autarky and Initial Repression in Francoist Spain
Initially, agriculture, industry, trade, and services were intended to be self-sufficient to supply Spanish demand. The aim was self-sufficiency, driven by both vocation and the foreign boycott of the Franco regime. However, this was not possible due to several factors: land reform was reversed by returning lands to their original owners, agricultural technology was underdeveloped, there was a lack of capital for investment, raw material shortages
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M BLOCK XI: A Century of Revolution – The International Marseillaise
Learning Objectives
- Explain the basic features that characterized the Ancien Régime in the second half of the 18th century regarding politics, economy, culture, and social organization.
- Identify the major ideas and philosophers of the Enlightenment who criticized the society of the time.
- Place in time and space milestones of the period from the French Revolution and the unification of Italy and Germany.
- Recognize the achievements and
Franco Regime: Origins, Evolution, and Opposition in Spain
Franco Regime: Origins and Nature
The Franco regime was the political and social system born during the Spanish Civil War. It arose from the need for rebel soldiers to equip themselves with a single command, an administrative structure parallel to Republican legislation, and an executive power that was both unparliamentary and undemocratic. This framework was based on the political ideology of the single party, known as the Movement. The rebels found their sole command in the figure of Francisco
Read MoreUGT Manifesto & UN Resolution on Franco’s Spain (1917-1946)
UGT Manifesto: A Call for General Strike (1917)
This historical, political text addresses Spanish society during a period of crisis. Written in Madrid in March 1917, during the reign of Alfonso XIII, it reflects the instability of the Canovas Restoration System. The central theme is the joint manifesto issued by the UGT (General Union of Workers) and CNT (National Confederation of Labor), advocating for a general strike as the most potent weapon to address the suffering of the working class.
The first
Read More18th Century Revolutions: America and France
Origins of Conflict in Eighteenth-Century America
In the 18th century, Britain had colonies on the east coast of America, known as the Thirteen Colonies. The American Revolution was the conflict between the settlers of New England and Great Britain, which culminated in the independence of New England.
Economic Issues
The colonies developed their own economic system and saw the mother country as a barrier to their development. Great Britain was interested in trade but not in industry. It also reserved
Read MoreModern Art Movements and the Russian Revolution
Modernist Architecture
Modernist architecture, also known as Modernism, was an artistic style developed in reaction to industrial architecture, which Modernists found unattractive (1870-1914).
Characteristics:
- Architects designed all elements of their buildings, including furniture.
- Modernism was unified by natural forms, with curved lines and motifs such as leaves and flowers.
- Modernism spread all over Europe.
In Spain, the most important Modernist architect was Gaudí. Examples include Casa Batlló,
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