Respiratory and Urinary Systems: Functions and Common Problems
The Respiratory System
The entry point for air into the body is primarily through the nose, with some air entering through the mouth. The nose serves to warm, clean, and moisten the air. The nose consists of two nostrils (nares), a septum, and tube-shaped cartilage inside the nose (turbinates). The nose is very vascular, which means that it contains many blood vessels, which is why the nose bleeds easily. The blood in these vessels warms the air as it enters the rest of the respiratory tract. In
Read MoreFemale Reproductive System: Ovarian Structure and Function
SIST. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE: Ovarian
- Stroma: the outside of the ovary (bark)
- Spinal: inner
- Follicles: structure, rounded with follicular fluid contain Colloids (within the stroma)
- Are released over 450 eggs during the reproductive stage
- Hypothalamo-GnRH (inhibitor of gonads) – Pituitary-FSH-LH-follicle development – ovulation
FOLLICLES
- F. Primordial: (1 layer cel.foliculares without liquid foli)
- F. Primary: (1 layer cel.c / liquid)
- F. Primatio multilayer (3 layers of cell.)
- F.de Graff (release the egg)
Zona
Read MorePeritoneal deposits
RESPIRATORY
COPD- The airways and alveoli in lungs lose ability to stretch and shrink back. Walls between alveoli destroyed. Walls become inflamed and make excess mucus, clogging them and blocking air flow. Phlegm or dry Cough, frequent respiratory infections, short of breath, fatigue, chest pressure
Asthma- Airways inflamed, produce more mucus. Easier to inhale than to exhale. Cough at night, exercise, can be chronic, dry or with phlegm, difficulty breathing,, breathing through mouth, frequent respiratory
Spinal Cord Function and Neuron Types
Function of Spinal Cord:
It receives the information transmitted by the sensory organs. It interprets that information and prepares adequate responses. It transfers the necessary signals to the effector organs. It coordinates all the organs so that they function correctly in our body. It carries out intellectual and mental functions. It is responsible for our emotions and feelings.
Type of Neurons:
- Structure: Unipolar, multipolar, bipolar.
- Function: Sensory neurons (transmit info from the receptor to
Complement Pathways and Functions
Classical Pathway
Initiated when the complement component C1 recognizes a microbial surface directly or binds to antibodies bound to the surface of a pathogen. C1 is comprised of a recognition particle of C1q which is associated with the serine proteases C1r and C1s. C1r and C1s interact non-covalently forming C1r:C1s pairs, two or more of these pairs fold into the arms of C1q. C1q binds directly to the pathogen’s surface or Fc region of antibody bound to the microbial surface. The recognition function
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