Causes and Development of the Spanish Revolution of 1868
Causes of the Spanish Revolution of 1868
The causes of the Revolution were a triple crisis: moral, political, and economic.
Moral Crisis
The parliamentary system was flawed because it was not the electorate who decided policy changes, but the clique acting on the queen. They managed the task of forming the government (the queen ordered the formation of the political government preferred), decreed the dissolution of Parliament, and called new elections, manipulating them to easily win. The elections
Read MoreThe Spanish Second Republic: A Historical Analysis (1931-1936)
The Spanish Second Republic
The Spanish Second Republic was proclaimed on April 14, 1931, in a very difficult international situation. The world was in the midst of the economic crisis of 1929, and fascist dictatorships were emerging everywhere. In Spain, however, there was a deep spirit of democracy in society, but it was not immune to the economic crisis affecting the world. The Republic featured three stages: an anti-caciquista electoral law, Parliament and the Constitution of 1931, as well as
Read MoreSpain’s 1868 Revolution: Causes and Consequences
The latter period of the reign of Isabel II (1843-1868) was characterized by an economic upswing in Europe. In mid-1860, the situation began to change, and 1866 saw the beginning of an economic crisis. The recession occurred at a financial and industrial level and was the first crisis of international capitalist issue, which coincided with a subsistence crisis with consequences for the masses.
Financial and Industrial Crises in Spain
The financial crisis, provoked by actions on the stock exchange,
Read MoreWorld War II: Evacuation of Dunkirk, Battle of Britain, Hitler Youth, and Concentration Camps
Dunkirk Evacuation
During World War II in 1940, the Dunkirk evacuation involved the rescue of the British Expeditionary Force and other Allied troops from the French seaport of Dunkirk to England. Naval vessels and hundreds of civilian boats were used in the evacuation, which began on May 26. When it ended on June 4, about 198,000 British and 140,000 French and Belgian troops had been saved. Nazi Germany invaded northern France and the Low Countries in May 1940 during the early years of World War
Read MoreFranco’s Rise: Spanish Civil War Political Landscape
The Political Developments in the Rebel Zone
The Provisional Organization of the Uprising
At the beginning of the war, between July and September 1936, the uprising was like a classic military coup aimed at overthrowing the government. In the first weeks, there was not any common political project between the military rebels, except to create a military power to annul the law of the Popular Front and lead the systematic repression of those who supported the Republican government. This repression,
Read MoreFranco’s Dictatorship in Spain: 1939-1959
Introduction
The Franco dictatorship began in 1936 and emerged after the Civil War, extending throughout Spain. Franco concentrated all the powers in his person: Head of State, Generalissimo of the Army, Prime Minister, and leader of the only party. The first stage of the dictatorship (1939-1959) was characterized by autarky, the rationing of a long war, external isolation, and ferocious repression.
1. Ideological Foundations and Social Support
The new regime had very clear ideological foundations:
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