Franco’s Regime: Falange, Church, and Authoritarian State
**The Falange and National Syndicalism**
After the war, Franco’s Falange provided elements of its ideology and its external image. Liberal, Marxist, and anti-democratic, **national syndicalism** advocated by the Falange was a totalitarian system based on the theories of Italian fascism regarding the organization of the corporate state. It was controlled by a single party and a union that would overcome the conflict between social classes, promoting feelings of national solidarity.
The **Falange**
Read MoreWorld War I: Causes, Consequences, and Interwar Period
Consequences of World War I
Between 1914 and 1919, a terrible war broke out among the European powers. This war became global when the colonies first participated, and other extra-European powers like the U.S. and Japan entered. The First World War was seen by its contemporaries as the most terrible war in memory, so they called it “The Great War.” It was an enormous phenomenon that resulted in the deaths of 11 million Europeans. After 45 years of peace, this war was especially terrible because no
Read MoreThe Second Spanish Republic: Rise and Fall of the Rightist Biennium
Introduction
Preliminary considerations: The arrival of the Republic in 1931 surprised the Spanish right, who had no ability to oppose the Republican way, which facilitated the reform policy of the Provisional Government. These reforms left many sectors discontented, which facilitated the right’s opportunity to reorganize and stand for election in 1933. From here: The Rightist Biennium.
Ideological Polarization
Azaña’s reformist politics, which tried to fix almost everything, ended up bringing disaffection
Read MoreIsabel II’s Reign: Regency and Liberal Reforms (1833-1843)
Isabel II’s Reign (1833-1843): The Regency
The Regency of Maria Cristina
Item 14. Isabel II (1833-1843). Regency. The will of Fernando VII provided for the creation of a Governing Council to advise the Regent, Maria Cristina. This council was chaired by Francisco Cea Bermúdez and composed mostly of moderate absolutists. The new cabinet proclaimed itself a defender of absolutism, while proposing some timid administrative reforms. The only reform undertaken by this government was the new provincial
Read MoreReign of Isabel II of Spain: A Three-Stage Analysis (1843-1868)
**Isabel II: The True Kingdom**
The reign of Elizabeth II began in 1843 when she was only 13. In 1846, she married her cousin Francis of Assisi of Bourbon, with whom she contracted a marriage of convenience because of pressure from France and Britain. The queen had a number of infidelities that created conflicts between the spouses. We can divide the reign of Elizabeth II into three stages:
- Moderate Decade (1844-1854)
- The Progressive Biennium (1854-1856)
- The Last Stage of the Reign of Isabel II (1856-
Spain’s Integration into NATO and the European Union
**International Integration: NATO and Europe**
During the transition, domestic politics dominated over foreign affairs. However, democratization and Europeanization occurred in parallel.
**Government of UCD**
After the 1977 elections, the government of Adolfo Suárez presented the request to join the European Common Market. This was reinforced by the adoption of the Spanish Constitution via referendum in December 1978. Joining the European Common Market was a priority for Spanish democracy and vital
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