The Bourbon Restoration in Spain: 1874-1902
Introduction
The Restoration of the Bourbon dynasty to the throne of Spain marked the end of the First Republic. Shaken by the Third Carlist War, the Cuban insurrection of 1868, and the Cantonalist revolt, the First Republic was incapable of organizing a stable political project. The driver of the new regime was Antonio Cánovas del Castillo. He organized a liberal monarchical system, although not democratic, whose foundations were established and consolidated during the reign of Alfonso XII (1875-
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Minoan Civilization
Chalk: The cultural legacy of chalk was technology, shipping, ornate palaces, and writing on tablets until they were defeated.
Social and Political Organization
The first form of government was a confederation of small city-states. Each had a sovereign, with the city of Knossos aiming to unify the territory, with the rest becoming just the capital of the kingdom. From that moment, the political regime was formed by a king and officials. The seat of government was the Cretan palace,
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Franco Regime: Ideological and Political Nature
There are different theoretical approaches in contemporary political science in relation to the ideological and political nature of the Franco regime.
Juan Linz’s Thesis on Authoritarianism
When Juan Linz published his thesis, he discussed the authoritarian nature of Franco’s political regime. This started a theoretical and methodological polemic that is still not resolved.
Linz defined authoritarian systems as:
- Political systems with limited political
Unification Decree of 1937: Franco’s Rise and Spain’s Single Party
Unification Decree 1937
Classification
This primary source document is a legal-political text from the Spanish Civil War. It was written on April 19, 1937, by General Francisco Franco and published the following day in the State’s Official Gazette.
Franco, a key figure in the conspiracy against the republican democracy, leveraged his military experience in the Moroccan War to command the army guarding the protectorate starting July 18, 1936.
Analysis
The decree presents two main ideas: First, Franco
Read MoreSpanish Civil War: Causes and Consequences
The Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War was a social, political, and military conflict that took place in Spain between the pronouncement of July 17 and 18, 1936, and the last part of the war signed by Francisco Franco on April 1, 1939.
It is also commonly referred to as the War in Spain, a name shared with other nineteenth-century civil wars (the Carlist Wars).
The contending factions called themselves the National side (the victors, organized around the military rebels) and the Republican side
Isabel II Reign & 19th Century Spain: Politics and Economy
Isabel II (1943-1968): United Cash
The Moderate Decade (1844-1854)
From the ideological standpoint, moderates defended the sovereignty shared between the king and the courts, rejecting the militia. On the contrary, progressives defended national sovereignty, militia, and free trade. With Narvaez as president, in addition to the incorporation of 1845, other measures were adopted. In 1846, political life was dominated by the intrigues around the future marriage of Isabel II. In the following years,
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