Industrial Revolution Origins and US Independence War
Key Factors of the Industrial Revolution
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Internal Factors:
- Technology was one of the essential elements in the Industrial Revolution. Scientific concepts and inventions were known previously. The novelty was that they could be turned into innovations, i.e. to be applied to production processes. This innovation was possible thanks to a combination of technical craftsmen, producers, and engineers. In short, rather than scientific research, the practical application of knowledge was sought.
- Capital is
Ancient Greece and Rome: History and Culture
Greece: A Historical Overview
Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in southeastern Europe, part of the European Union (EU). Located on the south side of the Balkan Peninsula, it is bordered by Bulgaria, the Republic of North Macedonia, and Albania to the north, by Turkey to the east and west, and by the Ionian and Mediterranean Seas to the south.
Greek civilization spread to the Aegean islands, the east coast of the Aegean Sea, the southern shores of the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas,
Read MoreThe 1812 Cadiz Constitution: A Foundation of Spanish Liberalism
Policy reforms aimed at dismantling the Old Regime began to be applied only a few years later, in revolutionary France. However, the process met with strong resistance from absolutists, with periods in which they returned to power with more force. Thus, the Old Regime did not disappear completely until late in the century. Moreover, the liberalization measures appeared first during the reign of José I Bonaparte.
The Cortes of Cadiz
During the War of Independence, occupied Spain not only withstood
Read MoreThe Restoration Period in Spain: 1875-1902
Item 5: The Scheme of Restoration. Features and Operation of Canovas
The 1868 revolution was a failure. Until 1902, the year of the beginning of the reign of Alfonso XIII, a long period led by Antonio Canovas del Castillo took place: the 1876 constitution, electoral manipulation, and chieftaincy. This stage would be severely disrupted by the shock of the war in Cuba and the disaster of 1898. In the evolution of the Restoration, we must distinguish several phases:
- The first, which comes to the death
Medieval Europe: Post-Carolingian Era and the Crusades
Medieval Universal History
Theme 1: Post-Carolingian Europe
1. End of Empire: Strife Among Heirs
After the Treaty of Verdun in 843, the sons of Louis the Pious divided the empire into three parts: Charles the Bald kept West Francia, Louis got East Francia, and Lothair was left with the strip in the middle of the imperial territory (from Rome to the Netherlands). Lothair’s territory remained as future expansion territory for one of the domains of his brothers. When Lothair died in 870, Charles and Louis
Read MoreIsabel II Reign: Moderates, Progressives, and the Liberal Union
The Reign of Isabel II: A Period of Political Turmoil (1843-1868)
The Fall of Espartero and the Rise of the Moderates
In 1843, following new elections that left Regent Espartero without support, a coalition formed against him. The government commissioned the progressive Joaquin Maria Lopez to form a new government, but his program, which limited the powers of the regent, was rejected by Espartero, leading Lopez to resign. A widespread insurrection in the summer of 1843 saw liberals revolt against
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