Alfonso XIII’s Reign: Instability, Nationalism, and Dictatorship
Politics During Alfonso XIII’s Reign (1902-1931)
In 1902, at the age of 16, Alfonso XIII began his reign, marked by the aftermath of the Disaster of ’98, political instability, and the rise of nationalist movements.
The Disaster of ’98
The Disaster of ’98 wounded the army’s pride, as it was blamed for the loss of the colonies. The army also perceived Spain as fractured due to peripheral nationalisms.
Political Instability
Alfonso XIII faced significant political instability due to a negative view of
Read MoreAncient Greece and Rome: Politics, Art, and Architecture
Unit II. The World Classic
Polis and Empire
1. Greece
Features:
- Creation of the democratic political system in Athens
- Slave-based economic system
- Political category of citizens, people with full rights
- Cultural extension from the Mediterranean, for settlements
- Philosophy as a system of thought
- Creation of Greek art: beauty ideal
- Polytheistic religion based on trilogy: Zeus, Hera, and Athena
Historical Stages:
- Early Greek Civilization:
- Minoan Culture
- Mycenaean Culture
- Archaic Greece:
- Alphabet
- City-States
- Democratic
Manzanares Manifesto: Origins, Impact, and Political Context
Manzanares Manifesto: A Historical Analysis
Manzanares Manifesto
This historical narrative examines the Manzanares Manifesto, drafted on July 7, 1854, in Manzanares, Spain, and its subsequent impact. The manifesto’s distribution began seven days later.
Historical Context
In 1854, the Spanish Crown heavily influenced political life. Government corruption and favoritism fueled liberal opposition. While the Crown sought to maintain power through short-lived governments, progressives were excluded, only
Read MoreFranco’s Regime: Economic Growth and Political Stagnation (1959-1975)
**Franco’s Regime: Economic Growth and Political Stagnation (1959-1975)**
**Stage 3: Economic Development and Political Atrophy (1959-1973)**
This period was characterized by significant economic development alongside continued political stagnation. The economic boom was fueled by U.S. support for technocrats and backing from international banks. These technocrats, the new financial elite, aimed to integrate capitalism into the Spanish economy through the *Stabilization Plan*. This plan included a
Read MoreSpain’s Liberal State Building: 1833-1873
Liberal State Building in Spain (1833-1873)
This period of the twentieth century, ranging from the death of Fernando VII in 1833 until the year 1873, is characterized by the many political changes that account for the final transition to a liberal state and the complete abolition of the Old Regime in Spain.
Before he died, Fernando VII promulgated the Pragmatic Sanction, which abolished the Salic Law that prevented women from reigning. Thus, after his death, the legal heir to the throne was his daughter,
Read MoreSpanish Civil War and Cold War: Key Events and Alliances
The Spanish Civil War
The coup and the division of Spain’s African army revolt moved to the Peninsula on 18 July 1936. The strike, blessed by the Church, was supported by the army and the Carlist monarchist party, conservatives, and phalanges. The coup divided Spain into two zones.
The area dominated by insurgents, who were called nationalists, covered most of the kingdom of Castile, Galicia, Caceres, the western part of Andalusia, Navarre, the Balearic Islands (except Minorca), and the Canaries.
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