The Spanish Civil War: Republican Zone and Revolution
The Republican Area: The Contained Revolution
The Sinking Republican State
The Republican administration (José Giral) had to hastily arrange a military force capable of confronting the insurgents. They decided to deliver weapons to the militias of parties and trade unions, and dissolve the army. The police ordered the creation of battalions of volunteers, which had to be integrated into the militias. In the territory under Republican power, a popular structure emerged, based around trade unions and
Read MoreIsabel II Reign: Liberalism and Carlist Wars in Spain
**Isabel II: Transition to Liberalism**
Following the death of Ferdinand VII in 1833, a transition stage began in Spain. At this stage, the division was consolidated into two streams of liberalism:
- The moderate Liberals, supporters of an intermediate between absolutism and popular sovereignty. They advocated a conservative liberalism.
- The progressive Liberals, supporters of the legislative work of the Cortes of Cadiz and social and political reform.
After the King’s death, Maria Cristina took the regency
Read MoreFranco’s Dictatorship: Stages, Ideology, and Structure
Franco’s Dictatorship: A Detailed Analysis
The dictatorship established by Franco can be defined as a non-transitory regime. This new regime was established as a totalitarian system without democratic freedoms and without a constitution, and in which all powers were concentrated in the figure of the Head of State, General Franco. We must say that this dictatorship is a mixture of military dictatorship, fascist state (it was inspired by Italy and Germany) and absolute monarchy without a king (Franco
Read MoreInternational Impact and Aftermath of the Spanish Civil War
International Impact of the Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War forced the great powers to take individual positions, but a joint position was also established, known as the Non-Intervention Agreement. Added to this was the ideological debate that affected both public opinion and intellectuals from around the world.
Individual Actions of the Powers
The positions of the powers were critical in the evolution of the Civil War due to the intervention of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany in support of
Read MoreSpain’s 1931 Constitution, Military Manifestos & Popular Front
1931 Constitution:
The 1931 constitution established:
- Sovereignty belongs to the Spanish people (popular sovereignty).
- A liberal republic (democratic republic of workers).
- Division of powers: legislative power resides in the people and is exercised by the courts.
- The President of the Republic represents the State.
- Universal suffrage for men and women.
- A secular state, with no financial support for religious institutions, suppressing external obedience, and secular education.
Context:
After the dictatorship
Read MoreInterwar Period: Economic Depression, Rise of Fascism, and WWII
1. Expansion and Economic Depression (1918-1939)
Between 1924 and 1929, there was a period of economic prosperity. This period is called prosperity. In 1929, a period of depression or economic crisis began. The social and political consequences were very serious.
1.1. The Crash of ’29 and the Great Depression
On October 24, 1929, the value of the shares of the New York Stock Exchange fell sharply. Everyone wanted to sell their shares. Many banks went bankrupt. This was the crash of ’29. At the same
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