The Reform Biennium: A Deep Dive into Spain’s Second Republic
The Reform Biennium
The Reform Biennium: Once the constitution was approved, Niceto Alcalá Zamora was elected president of the republic, and he commissioned Manuel Azaña to form a government.
The establishment of the Republic coincided with the global crisis of 1929-1933. The sector most affected was foreign trade. The influence of the Great Depression was particularly strong in agriculture and mining, with unemployment reaching 10%.
The objectives of economic policy were to maintain a balanced budget
Read MoreWorld War II: Key Events, Turning Points, and Aftermath
The End of the War in Europe
In the most critical moment of the German collapse, with Berlin surrounded by Soviet troops, Hitler, isolated and in despair, committed suicide on April 30, 1945. The final surrender of German forces was signed on May 8. The war had officially ended in Europe.
The Pacific Theater and the Atomic Bombings
In the Pacific, U.S. General Douglas MacArthur practically annihilated the Japanese Navy in the naval battle of Leyte Gulf and opened the way for U.S. occupation of the
Read MoreFranco’s Spain: Foreign Policy, Economy, and Social Shifts
During these years, Franco’s foreign policy involved a friendship with the Axis powers. Spain remained neutral in World War II due to the disastrous state of the country after the Civil War. Spain initially wanted to enter the war and signed a secret agreement, agreeing to enter the war at no definite date in return for territorial compensation in Northern Africa. Although Spain did not officially enter World War II, it sent the Blue Division against the Soviets.
The shift in alliances during the
Read MoreAztec Public Finance: Taxes, Control, and Accountability
Pre-Hispanic Background
The understanding of our system of control and accountability in our public services today has its roots in our ancestors. History reveals the value of our objectives in terms of control and services.
The importance of our rights and our ancestors, although seemingly disconnected from our present, is closely linked to what is now the law.
While our laws now may not directly reflect those guiding our ancestors, the right to build a social phenomenon is an outcome of the complex
Read MoreKey Events in Spanish History: Monarchy to Democracy
Primo de Rivera’s Coup
Amid political exhaustion and Moroccan struggles during Alfonso XIII’s monarchy, Captain General Miguel Primo de Rivera launched a coup in September. Supported by the King, Primo dissolved Parliament, ending constitutional life and ruling as dictator for over six years.
Second Republic
Following the April 12th municipal elections, which saw Republican-Socialist victories in cities, the Second Republic was proclaimed on April 14th. Despite the monarchy winning rural areas, King
Read MoreAmerican and French Revolutions: A Comparative Study
1. The American Revolution
The American Revolution, the first revolution where liberalism was implemented, led to the birth of the United States.
Origins of the Conflict
- The American Revolution was a conflict between the settlers of New England and Great Britain, culminating in the independence of the former.
- The settlers developed their own economic system and began to see the metropolis as an obstacle to their development.
- The colonies were governed by the Colonial Pact, which granted autonomy to the