Regency of Maria Cristina & The Spanish Constitution of 1837
The Regency and the Constitution of 1837
In 1830, Princess Isabella was born. King Ferdinand VII decided to abolish the Salic Law by signing the Pragmatic Sanction, allowing his daughter to reign. Upon his death in 1833, his brother, Carlos, did not accept Ferdinand’s will and declared war on his niece, Isabella. Since Isabella was underage, the Regent Maria Cristina of Naples allied with the Liberals to defend her daughter’s throne.
Administrative Reforms During the Regency
Regent Maria Cristina initially
Read MoreSpain’s 1917-1923 Crisis: Military, Politics, Society
The Military, Social, and Political Crisis in Spain (1917-1923)
The Military Crisis and Social Policy: The rise of social conflict and the deterioration of Spanish political life since 1913 led to a military crisis and impacted social policy.
The Military Crisis: The Boards of Defense
The army, seeking to maintain the monarchy, intervened in political unrest stemming from the internal defeat of 1898. The causes of this crisis were diverse:
- Governmental instability.
- A new law established war merit, benefiting
Mendizabal’s Disentailment in Spain (1836)
Mendizabal’s Disentailment
Historical Context
This text is a historical, first-level document—specifically, a letter addressed to the Regent Queen Maria Cristina, outlining the rationale and anticipated benefits of the disentailment. Published in the Gaceta de Madrid, it was authored by Mendizabal, a liberal progressive minister, in 1836, during the two-year progressive period of Maria Cristina’s regency.
The Political Landscape After Ferdinand VII
Following the death of Ferdinand VII, Spain was divided
Read More19th-Century Colonial Empires: Britain, France, and Beyond
The British Empire
To assure the conquest of India, the British attempted to protect their neighborhood against all external threats and to control the path to India, the route that connected British ports to Indian ports.
East Africa
The English also established their dominance over Kenya and the Great Lakes region (Uganda).
South Africa
South Africa and the Netherlands had colonized the Cape region in the 17th century, creating a major point of arrival for ships that did the route to their colonies
Read MoreImpact of Fear on Decision-Making
The Devastating Power of Fear: A Deep Dive into Irrational Decisions
Fear is an intense agony of the mind, aroused by perceived danger and mental pain. The *idea* of fear is often greater than the fear itself; it’s an unpleasant emotion that we subconsciously create. Fear drives us to execute actions that we would not normally consider. Without fear, we might act with greater morality, thoughtfulness, and discipline.
Fear in Achebe’s *Things Fall Apart***
Chinua Achebe’s *Things Fall Apart* tells the
Read MoreItaly and Germany: 19th-Century Unification
Italy and Germany: A Tale of Two Unifications
In the mid-nineteenth century, the unification of Italy and Germany shared a series of similarities. The unification was led by the most developed territory of each country. Both were achieved after intense armed conflicts.
The bourgeoisie was the leading class of the new states. To ensure its dominance, it had agreed with the old privileged groups, and this gave a conservative character to the liberalism of these countries, particularly in Germany.
Italy
Italy
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