Decolonization: Causes and Global Impact
Concept and Causes of Decolonization
The concept of decolonization defines the historical process by which the colonies of European empires won their independence. It was a relatively fast process, since it only lasted thirty years.
Impact of World War II
World War II showed the world the weakness of the European imperial powers: France and Britain were defeated in the first years of the conflict, and Germany and Italy were defeated at the end. The myth of invincibility was definitely broken. The European
Read MoreSpain’s Transition to Democracy: 1982-2004
Spain’s Democratic Transition: 1982-2004
From 1982, Spain began a period of democratic normalcy in which two parties alternated in government: the PSOE (1982-1996) and the PP (1996-2004).
The Governments of the UCD
Once the constitution was approved, Parliament was dissolved, and elections were called for March 1979. The UCD, presided over by Adolfo Suárez, won again. The UCD gained 168 deputies, the PSOE 121, and the PCE 23 seats. The largest party on the right, Democratic Coalition, won only 10
Read MoreKey Laws and Battles of the Second Spanish Republic
Congregations Law (June 2, 1933)
Regulated and supervised state activities of religious orders, granting the ability to dissolve an order if it became a danger to the state. Prohibited religious congregations from teaching from October 1. The discontent that led to this law forced Niceto Alcalá Zamora to dissolve the Parliament and call general elections.
The Azaña Law (April 1931)
Reduced the number of officers by awarding full-pay retirement to generals and officers who were sworn not to the Republic.
Read MoreKey Historical Events and Concepts Explained
Economy & Society
Economy: The oil crisis caused inflation and increased unemployment.
Society: This crisis led to social unrest and strikes. Illegal trade unions were formed.
Spanish Transition to Democracy
Transition to Government: The restoration of a democratic system in Spain was led by King Juan Carlos I. Carlos Arias Navarro was the prime minister.
Measures Taken: The Law for Political Reform, democratic elections, an amnesty, and the legalization of political parties were implemented.
Key
Read MoreSpain’s Socialist Victory & Reforms (1982-1986)
Victory of the Socialist Party in Spain (1982)
In 1982, the Socialist Party’s victory marked the end of a period of political transition in Spain and the beginning of another.
1982 General Election and the First Socialist Government
During the election campaign, the Socialist Party (PSOE) used a slogan promising change and aiming to elevate Spain’s economic and social standing to that of other European countries. They committed to creating jobs, improving public administration and democracy, and implementing
Read MoreFeudal Europe: Kingdoms, Religion, and Society
Following the Carolingian rule, Europe consisted of a mosaic of kingdoms and states. The common elements were the Christian religion and the political, economic, and social structures of feudalism. For this reason, medieval Europe is also known as Christian and feudal Europe.
After the death of Charlemagne in 814, Europe entered a period of great insecurity. The causes of this insecurity were the struggles among the Emperor’s successors, attacks by Muslims in the Mediterranean, and the arrival of
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