French Revolution: Key Stages and European Restoration
The French Revolution: A Timeline of Key Events
1. Estates-General to National Constituent Assembly (1789)
France faced a political, social, and economic crisis due to the absolute monarchy, the unequal estate system, and poor harvests leading to increased bread prices. The French state was in dire financial straits. In 1789, Louis XVI convened the Estates-General. The Third Estate, representing 96% of the population, was granted as many delegates as the nobility and clergy combined.
National Constituent
Read MoreSpanish History: From Monarchy to Modern Democracy
In the name of the King, sovereignty rested only in the King and the Cortes, and there were limited rights and liberties for the citizens.
- The Twentieth Century: The Republic, Constitution of 1931, and Dictatorship
The last years of the nineteenth century and the first of the twentieth century are characterized by an important and profound national crisis in many areas. 1898 is one of the worst years in the history of Spain, as it lost its last overseas colonies: the Philippines and Cuba. The latter
Read MoreKey Cold War & EU Terms: Definitions and Timeline
Key Cold War and EU Terms
Derecho de veto: Derecho a impedir que una resolución se cumpla.
Gerontocracia: Régimen político en el que el poder está en manos de personas de edad muy avanzada.
Comunas populares: Cooperativas de producción agrícola en las que no existía la propiedad privada.
CIA: Agencia Central de Inteligencia de EEUU, creada en 1947 por el presidente Truman.
Kremlin: Sede del gobierno soviético en Moscú.
Ulster: Región de Irlanda del Norte que se mantuvo integrada en el Reino
Read MoreAlfonso XIII’s Reign and the Crisis of the Restoration
Theme 5: The Final Crisis of the Restoration
The Disaster of 1898 forced conservatives and liberals to implement a reformist policy. However, Maura and Canalejas’s projects failed because of political wear and the assassination of Canalejas. With Alfonso XIII, a slow process of political disintegration began, culminating in 1923 with the coup of General Primo de Rivera. His dictatorship ended the political system of the Restoration. At the same time, there was economic development and social modernization.
Read MoreFrancoism: Political Repression and Evolution in Spain
Franco’s Regime (1939-1975)
ITEM 6: Nature of the Scheme: Personal dictatorship of Franco with absolute and unlimited power.
Franco’s Political Thought: From military service in Africa to Catholicism, Franco was a promulgator of Spanish nationalism. He held the military virtues of discipline, hierarchy, order, and national values. He maintained profitable relationships with the Church. He interpreted the history of Spain as an imperial destiny, mimicking the time of the Catholic Monarchs, the conquest
Read MoreParis Peace Conference & Aftermath: Reshaping Europe After WWI
Peace Treaties (1919-1920)
The Peace of Paris
In 1918, before the end of the war, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points enunciated the principles upon which peace should be based.
At the Paris Peace Conference, attended only by the victorious powers, peace was organized, partly inspired by Wilson’s proposals. Five treaties were signed with the defeated nations, designing a new map of Europe and establishing the League of Nations to ensure future peace.
The Treaty of Versailles, signed with
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