Primo de Rivera & Spanish Civil War: A Deep Dive
Primo de Rivera’s Dictatorship (1923-1930)
In 1923, General Miguel Primo de Rivera led a military coup against the Spanish government. He claimed that only a dictatorship could end the problems that had emerged during the reign of Alfonso XIII. Alfonso XIII accepted the dictatorship, and Primo de Rivera was named president of the government.
The dictatorship was supported by:
- Business owners, the Church, and the army (to obtain order).
- Socialist trade unions (to introduce social and labor reforms).
The
Read MoreConsequences and Proceedings of World War I
Consequences of World War I
On October 27, 1918, Germany agreed to peace negotiations, and William II had to hand over power. A proletarian revolution spread throughout Germany, which was subsequently suppressed. Preparations for the Versailles Conference began in Europe.
In 1919, representatives of the victorious countries met at Versailles to prepare the final peace treaty. That same year, Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles. It was forced to drastically reduce its army and weapons and pay
Read MoreFranco’s Regime in Spain: 1936-1975
The term “Franco regime” refers to the political and social movement that supported the dictatorial regime in Spain. It emerged during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), led by General Francisco Franco, and prevailed until his death in 1975. From the post-Franco period (or *tardofranquismo*), which coincides with the Spanish Transition, “Francoism” describes political positions considered similar to, or reminiscent of, Franco’s characteristic nationalist, conservative, undemocratic, autocratic,
Read MoreLiberalism in Spain: 19th-Century Conflicts & Reforms
How Liberalism Took Hold of Spain
After Ferdinand VII’s death, a war for the throne ensued. Carlos María Isidro, Ferdinand’s brother, claimed the throne, backed by the absolutists. Isabella (Ferdinand’s daughter) was the legitimate Queen, supported by liberals on the condition that she would establish liberalism. She won, and thus, liberalism was established.
The War of Independence (1808-1814)
The war started in 1808 and ended in 1814. The reasons were:
- The Treaty of Fontainebleau
- The Mutiny of Aranjuez
- The
Feudal Abuses in the Crown of Aragon and Catalonia
Uses and Abuses in the Crown of Aragon and Catalonia
The Crown of Aragon and Catalonia, especially influenced by the Franks, saw a more intense manifestation of feudal benefits and the six specific “abuses.” The first symptoms of worsening conditions for the peasantry began to manifest at the end of the 11th century, when the problem arose of retaining farmers who wanted to leave their land. By the mid-11th century, a major change occurred in the life of the Catalan-Aragonese peasant, who, from being
Read MoreGlobal Impact of the Industrial Revolution
Industrialization began in Britain in the 18th century with the creation of the steam engine. This invention allowed for energy production from coal, which was needed for factories and to produce new goods that were in demand due to a population increase. This was only the beginning of a revolution that would affect not only Europe but also other continents.
China and the Opium War
In 1839, China was drawn into this revolution. One of the many consequences of European industrialization was unfavorable
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