Spanish Civil War: Key Battles and Events
Failure in Catalonia
Gore leads the conservative movement led by CAT Mola. Conservatives supported the Catalan population, but the ESP and Falange Carlists did not. The Regionalist League did not support the Conservatives or liberals.
The Conservatives won with a majority. Liberals came out on the street with police, population, military, and trade unions. They could not come in the afternoon. Godet resigned.
Internationalization of the Conflict
The U.S. and USSR were pro-liberal Republicans, wanting
Read MoreSpain’s Political Turmoil: Alfonso XIII to the Second Republic
The Reign of Alfonso XIII and the Beginning of Restoration Political Problems
Key challenges during the early Restoration period:
- Upheaval to the political system.
- Dealing with the demands of workers in the sector.
- Need for the PSOE, regionalist, and Republican forces to acquire new audiences.
Conservative and Liberal Political Parties
- Conservative: Cánovas, Silvela, Maura.
- Liberal: Sagasta, Montero Ríos, Moret, Canalejas.
The Three Revolutions of Summer 1917
Three concurrent crises:
- Military unrest (Juntas
Treaty of Bergara and the 1876 Constitution: Spain’s Path
The Convention of Bergara (1839)
Analysis of a Primary Historical Document
- Title: Convention of Bergara
- Type of Text: Historical-Political
- Author: General Espartero Maroto, Carlist General
- Intended Audience: The Spanish People
- Published: September 5, 1839, Official Gazette of Pamplona
- Source: Primary
- Context: Regency of Maria Christina, specifically the end of the First Carlist War, marking the peace agreement between Liberals and Carlists.
Main and Secondary Ideas
The primary purpose of the text is to publicize
Spain’s Second Republic: Formation and Reforms
The Second Republic (I)
1. The Configuration of the New Regime
The electoral victory of the Republicans in the cities led to the fall of the monarchy. Alfonso XIII went into exile after the Civil Guard confirmed that the monarchy would not fight. In Barcelona, Macià proclaimed the Catalan Republic, however, representatives of the new provisional government convinced him to trust in its recognition through a future statute. Change was necessary to bury the old Spain of the Restoration.
The bishops
Read MoreCastilian Community Revolt, Conflicts, and Catalan Royal Institutions
Problems of Interest: The Castilian Community Revolt
The revolution of the Castilian community involved protest politics, the economy, and a lack of respect for the laws of Spain. Riots in the fields were defeated by royal troops, and their leaders were executed. The Crown of Aragon faced revolts of peasants and artisans who sought municipal office.
External Conflicts
King Francis I waged war against Castile, which won the Battle of Pavia. There was also war against the Turks, who threatened territories
Read More16th Century Europe: Conflicts, Religion, and Power Shifts
France: Religious Strife and Intervention (1557-1559)
- 1557: Victory at San Quentin.
- 1559: Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis.
- Intervention on behalf of Catholics in the religious wars.
- Huguenots (Calvinists) disputed the crown.
The Ottoman Empire: Victory at Lepanto (1571)
- 1571: Victory at Lepanto (Spain, Venice, the Vatican, Genoa, Naples, and Malta) against the Ottoman fleet, led by Don Juan de Austria.
- End of Ottoman dominance in the Western Mediterranean.
Flanders: Revolt Against Spanish Rule
- Resistance from