Spain’s Economic Transformation & Social Shifts 1959-1975
Spain’s Economic Transformation and Social Shifts (1959-1975)
Developmentalism: Spain’s Economic Miracle
Spain went from a struggling nation to the tenth-largest industrial power after a decade of 7% annual growth. This period is often referred to as the “Spanish Miracle.”
Stabilization Plan and Economic Growth Factors
Change in Economic Policy: Stabilization Plan (1959)
- Devaluation of the peseta (lost half its value against the U.S. dollar)
- Public spending cuts
- Liberalization of markets: abolition of
Key Financial Ratios and Their Significance
Net Capital Ratios (Expressed in Days)
- Days Receivable = (Accounts Receivable / Sales) x 365
- Days Inventory = (Inventory / Cost of Goods Sold) x 365
- Indicates how many days a product takes to be totally sold.
- Days Payable = (Accounts Payable / Purchases) x 365
- Indicates the average time (in days) that a company takes to pay its bills and invoices to its trade creditors.
- A high (low) DP indicates that a company is paying its suppliers slower (faster).
- Operating Cycle = Days Inventory + Days Receivable
- Average
Understanding Thinking Skills and Brain Hemispheres
What Are Thinking Skills?
Thinking skills are a special type of mental process that allows for the handling and transformation of information.
Two Keywords of Thinking Skills:
- Mental process
- Transformation of information
How Are Thinking Skills Classified?
Thinking skills are classified as Basic, Analytic, and Critical.
Thinking Skills and Behavior
True. Thinking skills allow us to see behaviors that can be guided and work through instructions.
Principal Organ Involved in Thinking Skills
The brain is the
Read MoreEmployee Motivation and Knowledge Management in the Workplace
Motivation of Workers
For people to conduct activities as planned, the company must address motivating them.
Main Theories on Motivation
A) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Human needs explain all human behavior. Maslow divided needs into five levels:
- Primary: Those related to survival (eating, drinking, etc.).
- Safety: Avoiding risks from ignorance about the future.
- Social: Integration into the family and groups; feeling accepted and loved.
- Esteem: Appreciation and respect from others; recognition.
- Self-actualization:
Socrates’ Method and the Sophists: A Philosophical Contrast
Socrates’ Method
Socrates had a very peculiar method that aimed to make people think, leading them to expose their own thoughts. (His father was a potter and sculptor, and his mother a midwife; in both offices, something is given birth to from the inside.) Socrates believed in the knowledge that each person possesses. He did not have to teach them things, but rather help them discover the truth that is inside.
His method has three stages:
The Irony
This is the starting point. You have to bring the listener
Major Trends in 20th Century Spanish Theater
Major Trends of the Spanish Theater in the 20th Century
Definition
The theater has a commercial basis; theatrical representation requires a prior investment and is profitable only if it reaches the public. The public of the 19th and 20th centuries was bourgeois and, therefore, would not attend theatrical performances in which it was criticized. It rejected plays with aesthetics that were too new, bold, or experimental. The playwright was left with only the option of making a covenant with the public
Read MoreUnderstanding Truth: Theories, Types, and Perspectives
The Nature of Truth
There are three ways we use the concept of truth:
- When we say that Mary arrived late to class, we indicate what happened.
- When we say that Maria is my friend, we indicate that we understand friendship.
- When we say that an argument is true, we mean that knowledge is well expressed in propositions.
The relation between truth and falsehood, illusion and deception is complex. You can lie by telling the truth and tell the truth lying.
Types of Truth
- Material Truth: Refers to the relation
Spanish-American Wars of Independence & First Carlist War
The Spanish-American Wars of Independence (1816-1824)
From 1816 onward, significant military campaigns took place in which the Spanish armies clashed with American patriots. These patriots were led by two magnificent military figures, Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín. The triumphs of the liberators in Colombia and Chile failed to make the Spanish king surrender. He prepared to send more troops based in Andalusia, but these troops never left and revolted in favor of the Constitution.
Amid the
Read MoreTrade Restrictions and Exchange Rates: Impact on Global Commerce
Trade Without Restrictions: Disadvantages of Restrictions
- Higher prices for consumers.
- Fewer choices for consumers.
- Protectionism often leads to retaliation, resulting in higher import prices and, consequently, higher consumer prices.
- Higher prices can lead to lower overall demand, causing job losses in other industries.
Trade With Restrictions
- Protection of national defense and citizens’ health.
- Protection against dumping.
- Potentially lower prices for consumers in specific cases.
- Protection for new and
Common English Phrases and Idioms
Common English Phrases
- Windward: Facing the wind or on the side facing the wind.
Ex: On the windward leg of the yacht race, the wind was strong. - From the outset: From the very beginning.
Ex: It was clear from the outset that there were going to be problems. - Excruciatingly: Extremely.
Ex: His poetry is excruciatingly bad. - Over the top: So extreme or exaggerated that it seems offensive.
Ex: His speech was a bit over the top. - Riveting: Fascinating.
Ex: He gave a riveting performance. - Flat: A flat book,