Principles of New Public Management (NPM) and Reinventing Government
The Theoretical Basis of New Public Management
Public Choice and Managerialism
New Public Management (NPM) is rooted in two approaches: public choice and managerialism. Both question traditional bureaucracy and advocate for more efficient and effective government.
Public Choice
Public choice theory applies economic principles to political science, assuming individuals are rational and seek to maximize their own welfare. It suggests that market mechanisms can improve government efficiency.
Key tenets
Read MoreRethinking the Traditional School Model: Towards a Comprehensive, Democratic, and Participatory Education
Challenging the Traditional Paradigm
We often blame students for a lack of motivation, attributing it to either a traditional approach where students are solely responsible for their learning or assuming the school fails to provide adequate motivation. This places the onus on the teacher and the institution to provide everything needed for learning. But what defines a ‘traditional school’ and how can we move towards a more comprehensive, democratic, and participatory model?
Understanding the Collective
Read MoreUnderstanding Inclusive Education: A Comprehensive Overview
Inclusive Education
Inclusive education seems incompatible with systems prioritizing evaluation, conformity, commercialism, elitism, and notions of efficiency and productivity derived from economic and industrial perspectives. The intensification of competition can make the commitment to inclusive education difficult to maintain. To truly consider inclusive education, we must address the root problem: the curriculum and its underlying values.
Integration Versus Inclusion
Why the change in concept?
- Inclusion
Elements and Techniques of Effective Workshops: A Comprehensive Guide
1. Essential Elements of a Workshop
- Opportunity for small group collaboration
- Self-assessment and responsibility for learning
- Integration of personal experiences
- Practical application of acquired knowledge
2. Defining the Workshop Experience
Experience:
The initial stage utilizing techniques to foster interaction and challenge existing perspectives. The level of engagement can be adjusted based on group dynamics and trust.
Reflection:
Participants analyze their feelings and thoughts related to the experience,
Read MoreCollective Behavior, Social Movements, and Social Change in the Modern World
Chapter 23: Collective Behavior & Social Movements
Collective Behavior
Collective behavior refers to activities involving a large number of people, often deviating from established norms. Studying collective behavior can be challenging due to its diverse nature, encompassing a wide range of human actions. Its variability makes it difficult to explain, and much of collective behavior is transitory, making it hard to observe and analyze.
Social Movements
Social movements are organized activities that
Read MoreThe Importance of Context in Language Use: A Pragmatic Perspective
Unit 3. The Importance of Context in Language Use
Key Word in Pragmatics: Context
Goodwin & Duranti (1992) – Rethinking Context
The metaphor of the boat in the sea: If we think of conversations, dialogues, interactions, as a boat, context would be the sea. Metaphorically, this means that the boat moves depending on the quality of the sea. If we change the quality of the sea, the boat will move in a certain way. The boat is affected by the sea. Conversations are influenced by context.