A Comprehensive Argument for Same-Sex Marriage
Consequentialism (Lecture 1)
Introduction to Normative Ethics
Normative ethics is the study of what is morally right or wrong, as opposed to factual or functional rightness or wrongness. Normative theories include consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics.
Consequentialism
Consequentialism defines the rightness or wrongness of an act based on the consequences that flow from it.
Consequentialism (Utilitarianism)
Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill were key proponents of classical utilitarianism.
Utilitarianism
Read MoreDescartes and Spinoza: A Philosophical Comparison
Descartes
The method
New conception of truth, there is the truth as adequacy, or the truth as authority. The new truth is the truth as certainty, as something indubitable truth, something that can not be doubted. For Descartes the certainty is linked to the clarity and distinction. One truth is clear, if present, is not transcendent, I have before. A truth is different if defined, if I can differentiate from others.
Descartes realizes that there are many truths we believe to be true, but soon discovered
Read MoreAnimal Behavior and Ecology: A Comprehensive Overview
Lecture 1: Maori Culture and Resource Management
- Maori Culture: Deep connection to the natural world, kaitiakitanga (guardianship)
- Historical Timeline:
- Settlement from Polynesia (1200-1300 AD)
- Captain James Cook’s arrival (1769), followed by missionaries from England (late 1700s-early 1800s)
- Significant Events:
- Declaration of Independence (1835), signed by Ngāpuhi chiefs
- Treaty of Waitangi (1840), discrepancies in translation regarding sovereignty
- British colonization: conflicts, land confiscations, decline
A Glossary of Philosophical and Scientific Terms
- Anthropology:
science esutduai man in its entirety without forgetting all the plurality of elements that behave: as a biological organism and a member of society - Minus: operaracion mental derevivar consisting of one or more propositions, one or more following the laws logicas.Verificar a hypothesis the greatest possible number of cases
- Epistemology, or Theory of Gnoseologia KNOWLEDGE: Part of the philosophy that is as we perceive or know the reality
- Ethics: A part of philosophy whose goal is the
Philosophy: A Comprehensive Guide to Its History, Branches, and Theories
1. The Origin of Philosophy
In the scientific era, some question the relevance of philosophy. To determine its relevance, we must analyze the questions posed by early philosophers, distinguishing between philosophy as a way of thinking and as a discipline.
Philosophy as a way of thinking is a human way of interacting with the world, asking questions about it to find meaning.
This way of thinking is deeply rooted in humans and has always existed, but its existence does not give rise to philosophy as
Read MoreSocial Contract Theory: Hobbes, Rousseau, Weber, and Rawls
Hobbes’s Social Contract and State of Nature
Thomas Hobbes’s State of Nature is a philosophical concept that describes life without social organization or government. In this state, individuals live according to their own will, believing they have the right to everything. This leads to a constant state of war, as individuals try to force their will upon others.
To escape this state of war, individuals agree to concede a portion of their freedom to a Leviathan, or government. This Social Contract creates
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