Key Ethical Theories and Concepts of Happiness
Socrates and the Foundation of Western Ethics
The good thing is to do something. Above all, the community itself is understood as the virtue par excellence, and the ability to excel, giving some power to the virtuous. The good man is trying to excel by providing the best services to his community, and this is the idea of behaving morally. The good is to try to be the best to provide a service to the community. The creator of Western ethics, Socrates, raises fundamental ethical questions and proposes
Read MoreUnderstanding Duty, Ethics, and Human Rights
Why We Need to Develop a Sense of Duty
Reason as a Moral Criterion
Several philosophers proposed using a different ethical principle, independent of the specific purpose that we set in life. The principle of moral criteria that should guide our conduct is respect for what reason tells us.
Stoic Ethics
The Stoics defended this position. For Stoicism, man behaves virtuously, rather than being carried away by their passions, acts with the dictates of its reason. It is reason that dictates what their duty
Read MoreFreedom vs. Determinism: A Philosophical Debate
Freedom
The condition of rational human beings makes them capable of thinking for themselves, meaning that they can also decide against the life choices they face.
Approaching the Notion of Freedom
The absence of obstacles that prevent us from doing what we want, or the ability to choose or want something or another.
- External Freedom: Freedom of action, absence of external obstacles that hinder the action, i.e., being able to do what we want without anything or anyone hindering us.
- Internal Freedom:
Philosophy vs. Science: Understanding Reality and Knowledge
Arguments For and Against Philosophy and Their Defenders
Opponents of the first philosophy accused it of being just a piece of cake, a hobby in the early formative years, but improper for a full-fledged adult.
According to Callicles
Philosophy makes young people and adults confused and do not act naturally under the law of the strongest.
According to Socrates
It is just to enforce the law and be fair, which Callicles denies, lying and saying it is only fair that the strongest prevail over the weak.
The
Read MoreImmanuel Kant: Life, Works, and Philosophy
Practical Use of Reason (Moral Theory)
- Reason, other than its theoretical use, has a moral function as it is concerned with human behavior and the principles that determine men to act if their conduct is to be moral. The faculty responsible for all this is practical reason, which makes imperatives (commands).
- For an action to have moral value, it cannot be expressed by an imperative for just anyone, but by a categorical imperative (a universally valid moral law based on a commandment that obliges
Understanding State: Legal Theories, Elements, and Human Factors
State: Legal Theories and Political Integration
This document examines the legal theories that can be used to study real conditions from a legal standpoint, relating to the political state and the figures of the right, which seek to match. This is how legal theories were developed to explain the nature of political integration.
The State as a Subject or Settlement
There are three possible ways to design an entity to the State:
- The first is considered as an object, such as an establishment.
- Considering