From Myth to Logos: The Rise of Philosophy and its Impact
From Myth to Logos: The Birth of Philosophy
The birth of philosophy is often described as the passage from mythos to logos. It is the transition from a strongly hierarchical order with a weakly sacral system of nation to a hierarchical order in which the ideas of balance and agreement prevail as principles of subordination. The last myth is an organizing principle of social life of singular importance. It establishes both a body of prescriptions and a principle of intelligibility. The myth is usually
Read MorePerspectivism: Ortega’s Theory of Knowledge
Perspectivism
Perspectivism, according to Ferrater Mora, is the first stage of Ortega’s thought. Other authors often speak of a previous stage, objectivism (1902-1910), a period of low philosophical output. In any case, perspectivism is the theory of knowledge that goes beyond rationalism (dogmatic) and relativism (subjectivism) that prevailed throughout the history of philosophy.
Rationalism, arguing that thinking completely coincides with being, was doomed to idealism. According to this view, human
Read MoreNietzsche’s Critique of Western Culture & 19th Century Context
Nietzsche’s Critique of Western Culture
Twilight of the Idols, a work from Nietzsche’s critical period, is a ruthless attack on Western culture, philosophy, morals, and religion. His critique of morality is particularly important, as he considers it unnatural, a resentment against primary life instincts, and a promulgation of false values, best exemplified by Christianity. The philosophical basis of this resentment, according to Nietzsche, was introduced by Socrates, with its major formulation in
Read MoreHuman Nature: Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives
1. A Rational Animal
Greek philosophy attributed to human beings the opportunity to think and appreciate this feature as one of the most distinctive of humanity. Rationalism posits that reason is the only source of knowledge and rejects faith. Vitalism considered reason as the source of all problems of Western culture, claiming the importance of life, freedom, and chance.
2. An Animal That Is Moved
Psychic life is full of affection. All human experiences have an emotional component. You cannot live
Read MoreThe Genesis of Homo Aestheticus: Body, Senses, and Art
The Emergence of the “Aesthetic Reason” in Humanity: The Genesis of Homo Aestheticus
The emergence of the “aesthetic reason” in humanity: the genesis of Homo aestheticus from the emergency body, phylogenetic, sentient, and mover. The body is the most remarkable creation of the sensitive and delicate, which has the power to unfold visibly in the flesh and concrete world, and the flesh of my body and sentient. It is, therefore, an important natural body. It is light because we can see the world, and
Read MoreAristotle’s Philosophy, Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory, and Moral Development
Aristotle’s Theory
Aristotle’s theory is also dualist (body and soul). He thought that the soul is the essence of being human and that body and soul were united. He distinguishes three types of soul:
- Vegetative: Responsible for survival and reproduction functions. This type of soul coincides with that of plants.
- Sensitive: Has the ability to perceive sensitive qualities, regulate memory, and control mobility. Animals possess both the vegetative and sensitive souls.
- Rational: Regulated by reason. Humans