Ethical Principles: Key Concepts and Theories
Item 9
What is an indispensable condition for the existence of ethics?
The man and his intelligence and freedom
Is there a relationship between good and truth?
To do good is to act respecting the truth.
How can you define good?
The good is what it is naturally a thing, which perfects it, regardless of pleasure or pain that results
What is meant by the perfection of something?
The maximum degree of similarity with the model is taken as a perfect
What is the relativist argument par excellence?
The discrepancy that show different cultures on key issues such as slavery, discrimination of women …
How do you refute?
We must consider why the facts could be compared to others like in appearance.
What does it mean for the Greek physis, and how it works in ethics?
It means naturaluza, and measures the different ways of living and individual behaviors.
Why ethics is respect for the truth?
Because the ethics looking good, and this in turn respect the truth.
What does that conscience judges with absolute standards?
That is beyond death, that is, takes into account all life, all a man.
What is the relationship between consciousness and habits?
That alone is capable of acting in good conscience who has the habit of doing good. Good habits have to act in conscience to them.
Item 10
Explain the relationship between ethics is, should and must.
He is referred to metaphysics to explain the nature of things, depending on being comes due, which is what dealing with morals, and it is a moral relationship turned into sociology, which outline what but not what it should be.
How comte understands ethics and found similarities between his theory and his followers?
Comte became a sociology ethics, and identifies the good with the useful and the majority, as well as giving primacy to feeling over reason. He denies the prescriptive nature of ethics and replaces it with the description. His supporters claim that ethics knows what is (description), and not to be (prescription), they also say that ethics describes uses and reviews (good and useful) things. None admits that ethics is prescriptive, it should simply describe the behaviors.
What is the starting point of the ethics of Nietzsche?
Delete the duties and God.
How Nietzsche explains the emergence of ethics?
As a trick of the weak (Judeo-Christian) to dominate the strong.
In what now follows the doctrine of Nietzsche?
In a lawless individualism
What aspect of contemporary culture from place to utilitarianism?
The multiple possibilities and complexity of human action.
Who are the main representatives of that power?
Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.
How each of them understands what is useful?
The first one as it gives the greatest pleasure to more people, like the second, only this distinguishes several types of pleasures.
Why is a contradiction in utilitarianism?
Because if pleasure and happiness mean anything, is worth as a criterion, and it is something specific, it is false that all they want.
What is the main thesis of consequentialism?
The end justifies the means
What is the ethics of consensus and get what other name?
It is based on dialogue to arrive at the fair. Procedural
What conditions are needed in 1st place for a dialogue to be valid?
Some basic rules of moral conduct
What conditions must meet those who serve on the debate?
They must be impartial, informed and rigorous reflection
Leading representatives of the ethics of consensus.
Apel, Habermas and Rawls
What is the goal toward which points the ethics in the philosophy of Greece and Rome?
Aim for happiness (eudaimonia)
What are three common ways of understanding or that goal can be distinguished in the previous philosophy?
- As wisdom and virtue (Socrates, Plato and Aristotle)
- As the pleasure (and hedonistic Epicureans)
- As a freedom understood as self-sufficiency (Seneca and the Stoics)
Write the names of the works of Aristotle and Seneca relating to ethical theory.
Nicomachean Ethics (Aristotle), and Moral Epistles to Lucilius (Seneca)
What is the distinguishing feature of the religion and Christian ethics?
Christianity is not so much a system of ideas and precepts as the imitation of a person named Jesus Christ.
What are the major classical virtues and what adds to these Christian ethics?
Prudence, justice, fortitude and temperance. Add Faith, Hope and Charity.
What is the starting point of Kant’s ethics?
The moral duty that manifests practical reason in the form of categorical imperative.
Is two formulations of the categorical imperative
Act in such a way that your standard of conduct can establish itself as a universal standard
No matter what you do not want done
Would you say that Kant’s ethics is completely autonomous? Why?
No, because we need a reference to reality
Explain clearly what the law hume
The impossibility of moving from the level of being the ‘ought, as Hume admits only empirical facts, observable by the senses, and this observation does not capture the moral values.
What novelty represents Hume’s ethical theory regarding previous ethical?
Apart from the reality as a source of morality and ethics to reduce the emotional
Item 12
What is the most ancient definition of justice?
The will to give each his own
Why justice presupposes the right? Draws examples.
Because if something Hayu to respect in others is because the owner is entitled to it. For example, respecting a backpack and not break because the owner is entitled to keep it.
What does it mean that justice depends on the existence of the other?
That the hallmark of justice is the relation to the other.
Why internal actions are not subject to court ruling?
Because not affect the other, necessary for justice.
What aspects of Greek culture conducive to the emergence of a new concept of justice?
A society of free men, developing the concept of freedom and rationality, growth of the major polls.
What is the wider meaning of the term justice in Greece and how it applies it Plato?
Adjustment of the parties should form an ordered whole
What distinguishes three types of justice Aristotle? Explain
- Justice-legal obligations between the citizen and society
- Distributive justice among citizens distributes benefits and burdens
- Justice-Regula communicative exchanges between private property
What is mainly based on Roman law? Why does Aristotle to justice the main virtue?
In the usual (which is customarily raised to the status of law)
Porqiue is exercised on behalf of others
And explains the etymological meaning of the term real utopia
Etymological” Nowhere.
Real-A idyllic imagination of a perfect world
It identifies examples of political utopias that appear in the issue 4 p
The Moor’s Utopia, Plato’s Republic, Capital One munod Feliz.
Why the Authority is a natural requirement of society?
Because it is composed of free men who need to be controlled.
What distinguishes two types of authority aristotle?
The despotic and politics
Briefly explain what they are functions of the authority.
You must understand and accept laws.
What is the meaning of law?
Linking (Binding) and Leger (read)
What is the most comprehensive definition of the concept of law?
Rational management of human behavior, led to the common good, promulgated by the legitimate authority.
What progress represents the emergence of written law?
You get equal before the law
What are the functions of law in society?
He has an educational role and to promote social stability
What does it mean that the right has a natural foundation?
That the rights arising from the natural characteristics of human beings
Why say that natural law is evident to every human being?
Because it is innate to them
Can it be universal, objective natural law?
Yes, but your knowledge can be partial
What is the difference between natural law and positive?
That is innate natural and positive enacted by someone.