Understanding Physis: Nature, Essence, and Arche in Greek Thought

Posted by on Mar 4, 2025 in Philosophy and ethics | 0 comments

Understanding Physis: Nature, Essence, and Arche

The term physis has two main uses:

  • As a set of beings inhabiting the universe, excluding those made by humans.
  • As something intrinsic and permanent.

Key Features of Greek Philosophy of Nature

  • Necessity: Linked to the concept of necessity, reflecting order rather than chaos. Every being has its place by nature’s demand.
  • Dynamic: Nature is not static but dynamic, with the universe in constant motion (stars, seasons, etc.). Intrinsic motion is natural, distinguishing
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Nietzsche’s Critique: Morality, Religion, and Science

Posted by on Mar 3, 2025 in Philosophy and ethics | 0 comments

Nietzsche (N.) aims to break with the Western philosophical tradition, seeking new ways of expressing feelings and thoughts. To emphasize this break, he adopts a critical tone. His philosophy is a genealogy, attempting to find the source of the initial error: metaphysics. He uncovers the past and hidden impulses that drive human action. Thus, N.’s philosophy can be understood as an unmasking. The ultimate goal of his thought is the critique of reason, understood as rational reasoning.

This rejection

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Religious Freedom: Rights, Status, and Subjects

Posted by on Mar 3, 2025 in Philosophy and ethics | 0 comments

Religious Freedom: Fundamental Rights

Freedom of Religion, Ideology, and Conscience

These freedoms are enshrined in Article 16 of the EC and encompass three basic ideas: the state serves the people; religious freedom is a human right inherent to every individual, regardless of citizenship; and religious freedom reflects the rationality and conscience of each person, making it difficult to delineate the boundaries between religious freedom, ideological freedom, and freedom of conscience.

Ideological

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Political Role of the Judiciary in the Modern State

Posted by on Mar 3, 2025 in Philosophy and ethics | 0 comments

Unit 5 – The Political Function of the Judiciary

Directions:

  • Legitimation of the Modern State (cont.): Justice centralized. The legality criterion. Individual welfare.
  • Depoliticization of Conflict: Breaks the relationship of the particular case with the social organization. Individual. Party. Individualization of conflict. Subsumption. Logic and structure of society unchanged.
  • Depoliticization of Conflict: Integration aims to orbit the conflicts of law. Subsumption. Direction of society is not questioned.
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Nietzsche’s Philosophy: God, Apollo, and Dionysus

Posted by on Mar 3, 2025 in Philosophy and ethics | 0 comments

Nietzsche’s Key Concepts: God, Apollo, and Dionysus

God: When Nietzsche refers to God, he means the god of religion, particularly Christianity, but also anything that can replace him. In reality, God is not an entity but rather a place, a possible figure of thought, representing the Absolute. God is a metaphor to express absolute reality. Reality is presented as the Truth and bios, as the presumed target area that can serve as a basis for existence because they were beyond it and make sense. Anything

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Aristotelianism: Happiness and Virtue in Human Life

Posted by on Mar 3, 2025 in Philosophy and ethics | 0 comments

Aristotelian Naturalism and Happiness

Aristotelian naturalism views the human being as a part of nature, understood through the same intellectual categories, particularly the teleological model. This means understanding things in terms of their purpose or end goal.

Aristotle’s Concept of Telos

Aristotle believed that all beings have a specific function (ergon). Excellence or virtue (arete) lies in performing that function well. In animate beings, this excellence isn’t immediate. There’s an internal

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