Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage: Cognitive Development

Cognitive Development – Piaget: The sensory stadium speaks of intelligence. It utilizes DLS to capture information through the senses and acts on it with motor skills. Up to 2 years, it’s the only known reality. It is divided into 6 substages:

Substages of the Sensorimotor Stage

  • Substage 1 (Birth – 1 month): Neurons constitute intelligence. A way of interacting with the external world is the fundamental characteristic of exercising innate schemes. The infant uses them unconsciously, exhibiting the
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Philosophy’s Emergence: Breaking Myths

The Rise of Philosophy and the Break with Myth

The emergence of Greek philosophy represents a break with myth. Myth, based on the narratives of poets, is a total explanation of reality where natural forces are personified and deified. Natural events and human behavior itself depend on the whim of the gods and cannot express any regularity. In any case, the myth also includes the idea of destiny, a dark, imprecise force that weighs on men and on the gods themselves.

Philosophy is an approach that appeals

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Kant’s Philosophy: Metaphysics, Experience, and A Priori Knowledge

Science

Kant set out to discover if metaphysics was possible as a science. He had already discovered it as a science. Kant himself could not doubt that this was reliable knowledge, but he was trying to save it because he knew what it was. He intended to identify elements to compare scientific knowledge with metaphysics, in such a way that if it was fulfilled, it would be considered as such. According to Kant, the basic element that makes knowledge scientific is a priori: necessity and universality.

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Key Concepts in Ancient and Modern Philosophy

As Aristotle pointed out, happiness is an ambiguous concept about which everyone has different opinions.

Maieutics

Maieutics is a pedagogical method based on the idea that the truth is latent in the mind of every human being due to innate reason but has to be “given birth” by answering intelligently proposed questions.

Callicles

Callicles was an ancient Athenian political philosopher best remembered for his role in Plato’s dialogue Gorgias. Callicles is depicted as a young student of the sophist Gorgias.

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Aristotle’s Metaphysics: Substance, Nature, Cause

Substance

There are two classes of substances: primary substances and secondary substances.

  • Primary Substance: Individual, specific beings. These are entities that are “neither a predicate nor subjective.” They possess essence (the qualities that make them what they are) and subsistence (independent existence). They are classified into:
    • Natural (subject to becoming, sublunary substances)
    • Supernatural (supralunar)
  • Secondary Substance: The essence of the primary substance; that is, the form. They possess
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Benedetto Croce: History, Philosophy, and the Spirit

History and Philosophy in Benedetto Croce

Benedetto Croce, a prominent Italian historian and one of the most influential figures in the field, introduced a distinct approach to history. His practice and convictions diverged from official historicism. This text synthesizes his thinking in relation to history and philosophy. He engaged with Marxism and Hegelian idealism, offering critiques based on the idea that reality is a spirit that continually determines and performs. The spirit, in Croce’s view,

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