Spanish Legal System: Courts, Government, and Autonomous Communities
1st Evaluation
1. Functions of the Courts
Legislative power, the President, and controlling the government.
2. The Court Characteristics
- Elected by the people from the lists presented by political parties.
- Once elected, they are independent, even of their party.
- They cannot be tried for the opinions they express in the exercise of their functions.
- Can only be arrested in flagrante delicto.
- To judge, authorization must be requested from the Parliament or the Senate.
3. Judiciary
The judges are law graduates
Read MoreContracts in Brazilian Law: Types, Elements, and Obligations
**Legal Nature of Contracts**
- Bilateral: Both parties agree.
- Consensus: Perfect agreement with the will.
- Paying: Both sides have obligations.
- Non-Formal: The exception is the exchange of real property, which requires a formal contract.
- Commutative: We know exactly what will change.
Contract for Sale
Concept
A contract in which one person hands movable property to another, allowing them to sell it, and obligating them to pay a previously set price or return the goods within the agreed time.
Parties
- Consignor:
Business Structures: Types, Features, and Formation
Legal Forms of Companies and Their Main Features
Sole Trader
A physical person regularly exercises, on behalf of themselves, by themselves or by proxy, a business activity. The following can be entrepreneurs: adults and emancipated minors, non-emancipated minors in certain circumstances, and those with free disposal of their property. There is no separation between the assets of the company and the employer. The liability is unlimited.
Community of Goods and Labor Society
An association of people who
Read MoreFinancial Transactions and Contracts: A Detailed Look
Check Against the Bank of Spain
- Issued by the bank and must pay the Bank of Spain.
Traveler’s Check
- Checks are in euros or foreign currency issued by banks or other financial intermediaries with a recognized international presence, such as VISA, MASTERCARD, or AMERICAN EXPRESS.
- Can be exchanged into cash quickly and also used like cash to pay in a store.
Bill of Exchange
- A document by which a person (drawer) instructs another (drawee) to pay on a certain date (maturity) a sum of money, usually through
Commercial Contracts: Key Legal Aspects and Practices
**1. What is the Intrinsic Differential Note of Commercial Versus Civil Contracts?**
In the commercial sphere, obligations are objectified, whereas in civil law, they are subjective. Other hallmarks include:
- Fate of the term of compliance: Commercial law prohibits grace periods tolerated in civil law.
- Certainty on the recoverability of pure obligations: Civil contracts are enforceable from the moment they are incurred. Commercial contracts often operate on credit.
- Constitution of arrears: Obligations
Local Police Courts in Chile: Jurisdiction, Procedures, and Sanctions
Requirements for Appointment as a Judge of Letters
Article 252. To be a Judge of Letters, the following is required:
- Be Chilean;
- Have a law degree; and
- Have successfully completed the training program for candidates to the Primary Judiciary.
Appointment of Local Police Judges
The appropriate municipality will receive a proposal from a panel of the appeals court in question.
Rights and Prohibitions for Local Police Judges
- The position of Local Police Judge is incompatible with any other office in the municipality.