French and Austrian Civil Codes: 19th Century Legal Revolution
The Age of the Code (Pages 118 to 126)
From its first steps, the Revolution required the codification of the law. Civil law, until then, had not been disciplined by legislation.
The Rise of Codes
“Code” stands out as a new source of law between the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It dominated throughout the 19th century and much of the 20th century. The code is an idea, a political-legal program. It is the draft radical solution to the problem of the sources of law. Some sovereigns, sensitive to
Read MoreFundamental Accounting Principles: A Comprehensive Look
Fundamental Accounting Principles
Equity
The equity between competing interests must be a constant concern in accounting, since those who use accounting data may find that their particular interests are in conflict. It follows that financial statements should be prepared in such a way that they fairly reflect the different interests at stake in a firm or individual enterprise.
Entity
Financial statements always refer to an entity, where the subjective element is considered proprietary or a third party.
Read MoreSpanish Political History: From Franco to Democracy
Manifesto of the Congress of Munich
The text is an excerpt from the manifesto of the Fourth Congress of Munich in June 1962, which unanimously adopted a resolution introduced by a Spanish delegation, specifying five conditions to be met by Spain for integration into democratic Europe. In short, it demanded that Spain should implant institutions representing the will of the people, individual and collective freedoms, recognition of natural communities (not shown in the text), freedom of association
Read MoreVenezuelan National Assembly: Composition, Powers, and Lawmaking
Venezuelan Legislature
1. Composition of the National Assembly (Art. 186 CRBV)
The National Assembly shall be composed of deputies elected in each federal district by universal, direct, personal, and secret ballot with proportional representation, according to a population base of 1.1% of the total population. Each federal district also elects three deputies.
The indigenous peoples of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela elect three deputies in accordance with the provisions of the electoral law, respecting
Read MoreBusiness Structures: Private and Public Sector Entities
Chapter 3: Business Structures
Private Sector Businesses
Private sector businesses are operated and run by individuals.
Sole Traders
Sole traders are the most common business form globally, comprising up to 90% of all businesses in some countries. The business is owned and run by one person, the sole proprietor. They are popular due to minimal legal setup requirements:
- Register with and submit annual accounts to the government Tax Office.
- Register the business name with the Registrar of Business Names.
Spanish Law: Framework, Harmonization, and Organic Laws
**Acts Range with Law**
It is a law that gives the legislature, never by the legislature of the autonomous communities. It consists of a set of bases, principles, and guidelines, will be identical to those laws and authorization framework. In matters determined by the constitution, there are no basic laws outside the constitution. Affect or involve materials that are powers of the autonomous communities and are called to develop.
- Issued by the state legislature
- Bases, principles, and guidelines: are