Understanding the United Nations and Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 is a milestone document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948 as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. It sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected
Read MoreThe Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany
Adolf Hitler and the Emergence of the Nazi Party
Adolf Hitler was a demobilized soldier from the First World War. Unable to accept Germany’s defeat, he joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP; Nazi Party) in 1920 and emerged as its leader. The Nazi Party used a red flag with the swastika as its emblem and had paramilitary groups: the Sturmabteilung (SA) (assault troops) and Schutzstaffel (SS) (Protection Squadron).
Hitler’s ideology was reflected in his book Mein Kampf (‘My Struggle’
Read MoreThe Counterculture, the Religious Right, and the Nixon Era
6
Which of the following issues did the religious right reject?
Women’s liberation
Which of the following issues did the religious right reject?
Gay rights
Which of the following issues did the religious right reject?
Abortion rights
Which is true of the New Left?
It was a political movement
Which was true of 1960s counterculture?
It was cultural.
What was “flower power”?
A way to show support for the peace movement
What was one effect the counterculture had on American life?
It made people more politically aware
What
Read MoreThe Rise of Fascism in Europe and the Spanish Civil War
ITALIAN FASCISM
Causes
- Exalted Nationalism: Italy desired greater rewards after World War I. Despite being on the victor’s side, they did not receive the territories they demanded.
- Industrial, Financial, and Social Crisis: A post-war crisis emerged, characterized by unemployment, debts, strikes, and occupations of farms and factories.
- Parliamentary Crisis: The liberal democracy faced difficulty in forming stable governments and addressing all the problems.
Way to Government
- Mussolini founded the National
The Rise of Fascism, Nazism, and Stalinism in Europe
The Fascism
Definition and Characteristics
- Fascism was an ideology and political party founded by Benito Mussolini in Italy in 1921.
- Mussolini’s fascists were known as the Blackshirts.
- Fascism opposed democracy and communism.
- The National Fascist Party became the only legal party.
- Opposition was violently repressed.
- Propaganda and the media were controlled by the state.
- The state controlled the economy to make Italy an autarky, an economically self-sufficient state.
- Ultra-nationalism: glorification of the
A Comprehensive Guide to Historiography: Methods, Theories, and Key Figures
Dialectics
1) According to Hegel, grasping the meaning of any event happens in terms of two direct opposites.
2) In order to understand the true and false, similarly good and bad. This method of analysis which is based on opposites is known as Dialectics.
3) In this method, a theory is proposed at the beginning, which is called the thesis. Then another theory is proposed, which is contrary to the thesis. It is called the antithesis. The interaction of these two opposing ideas leads to a new theory,