The Counterculture, the Religious Right, and the Nixon Era
6
Which of the following issues did the religious right reject?
Women’s liberation
Which of the following issues did the religious right reject?
Gay rights
Which of the following issues did the religious right reject?
Abortion rights
Which is true of the New Left?
It was a political movement
Which was true of 1960s counterculture?
It was cultural.
What was “flower power”?
A way to show support for the peace movement
What was one effect the counterculture had on American life?
It made people more politically aware
What effect did Pop Art have on American culture?
People became more critical of consumer culture
What effect did the counterculture have on art and fashion?
Art and fashion began to reflect counterculture values.
Which is true of televangelists?
They preached using mass communication.
Which is true of televangelists?
Many supported conservative politics
Which is true of televangelists?
Some became active in politics.
Why might a hippie have bought and worn clothing from India?
To show appreciation of Eastern religion and values
Why might a hippie have worn a T-shirt with Bob Dylan’s picture on it?
To show an approval of antiwar music
Why might a hippie male have worn his hair long?
To show that he disapproved of conformity
What belief of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) was expressed in the 1962 Port Huron Statement?
Americans were controlled through consumerism
The Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) wrote _____.
the Port Huron Statement
The Port Huron Statement was written by _____.
Students for a Democratic Society
What was most valued by members of the counterculture?
Spiritual growth
Many people investigated Eastern religions such as Buddhism in order to:
find an alternative to the values they grew up with.
The counterculture was strongly associated with the antiwar movement, as it objected to:
All of the above are true
2
What leader created the People’s Republic of China?
Mao Zedong
Who was the leader of the People’s Republic of China?
Mao Zedong
The leader of the People’s Republic of China was _____.
Mao Zedong
What did the Soviets want from the United States when Nixon took office in 1969?
A deal that would let them buy American wheat
What did the Soviets want from the United States when Nixon took office in 1969?
Food to make up for shortages
What did the Soviets want from America when Nixon took office in 1969?
Food to make up for shortages
What problem made China reluctant to improve relations with the United States?
The Vietnam War
What action made China reluctant to improve relations with the United States?
South Vietnamese invasion of Laos
What problem made China reluctant to improve relations with the United States?
American support for Taiwan
What was important about Ping-Pong diplomacy?
It showed that China was open to better relations with the United States.
What was important about Ping-Pong diplomacy?
While sports were played in public, negotiations were made in secret.
What was important about Ping-Pong diplomacy?
It allowed the United States and China to open the way for talks on more serious issues.
What did the Shanghai Communiqué do?
Stated that the United States and China would work toward better relations
What did the Shanghai Communiqué do?
Described areas of agreement and disagreement
What did the Shanghai Communiqué do?
Explained how the United States and China would work toward better relations
What was President Nixon’s stance toward the Soviet Union in 1969?
He wanted improvement in relations
What was President Nixon’s stance toward the Vietnam War in 1969?
He felt he could improve the United States’ position through China.
How did the French aid relations between the United States and China?
They passed messages on to China.
Mao Zedong used the Cultural Revolution in Communist China to:
Consolidate his power.
How did President Nixon show he was ready to deal with China?
He removed American ships from the coast of Taiwan.
How did President Nixon set the stage for talks between the United States and China?
All of the above
4
Which of the following describes a major economic change that took place during the Nixon administration?
The United States stopped exchanging U.S. dollars for gold.
The term “Nixon shock” describes which of the following actions?
Nixon’s decision to end the U.S. dollar’s convertibility to gold
Which of the following developments became known as the “Nixon shock” in the 1970s?
The United States ended the conversion of U.S. dollars to gold.
Which strategy did Nixon choose in Vietnam?
Vietnamization
Which of these actions was part of Nixon’s strategy to end the Vietnam War?
Bombing North Vietnam
Which nation was most threatened by the strategy Nixon chose to end the Vietnam War?
South Vietnam
Which of these describes Nixon’s policies in relation to the environment?
He created the Environmental Protection Agency.
Which of these describes Nixon’s actions on civil rights?
He worked for school desegregation when forced to by courts.
Which statement describes Nixon’s domestic policies?
He took stands showing both liberal and conservative positions.
Which statement is true?
Nixon resigned before he could be impeached.
Which statement is true?
Nixon faced impeachment, but resigned first.
Which statement is true?
Nixon resigned because he knew he faced impeachment in the Senate.
Why did OPEC increase oil prices in 1973?
To pressure the United States not to support Israel
When OPEC refused to sell America oil, Nixon responded by:
sending Henry Kissinger to negotiate.
When Nixon refused to withdraw support of Israel, OPEC responded by:
refusing to sell oil to the United States
What was a position of the “New Nixon” of 1968?
All of the above
Richard Nixon’s call for “law and order” in his presidential campaign of 1968 appealed to voters opposed to:
All of the above
What was true after Nixon’s victory in the 1968 presidential election?
He had to work with a Democratic Congress.
What was part of President Nixon’s plan of “peace with honor”?
An exchange of prisoners of war with North Vietnam.
How did President Nixon respond to the Yom Kippur War of 1973?
He provided weapons to Israel
What was an effect of United States actions in the Yom Kippur War?
Arab nations exporting oil began an embargo.
8.4.7
Which of these was a problem faced by the Ford administration?
Stagflation
Which of these was a problem faced by the Ford administration?
Capture of an American ship by Cambodians
Which of these was a problem faced by the Ford administration?
Inflation
What did many Americans think about Ford when he took office as president?
He was seen as honest and reliable.
What event cost Ford much support early in his presidency?
His pardon of Richard Nixon
What reason did Ford give for pardoning Richard Nixon?
It would help the nation focus on pressing problems.
What effect did Ford’s economic policy have on the economy?
Inflation went down due to spending cuts.
What effect did Ford’s economic policy have on the economy?
Inflation went down, but unemployment remained high
What effect did Ford’s economic policy have on the economy?
Inflation went down
Why did Carter create the Department of Energy?
He thought the United States was too dependent on foreign oil.
What step did Carter want to take to reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil?
Build more nuclear power plants
How did Carter demonstrate the importance of the energy question?
He created a cabinet department to deal with the problem
What issue seriously hurt Carter’s presidency?
The Iranian hostage crisis
Which best explains why Carter lost popularity over the Iranian hostage crisis?
He looked weak and ineffective.
What was the cause of the Iranian hostage crisis?
Carter’s decision to let the former shah come to the United States
What happened to the economy during stagflation?
All of the above
Stagflation in the 1970s is most associated with:
the oil embargo.
What was true about the end of the Vietnam War?
Congress refused to support South Vietnam any longer.
What was the goal of the Helsinki Accords?
Protection of human rights
Why did conservatives criticize President Ford’s foreign policy?
They opposed détente.
What was President Ford’s position on Communist China?
He was hesitant to continue open relations.
9.1.2
Which of the following was a major problem for the United States in the late 1970s?
High gas prices and oil shortages
Which of the following was a major problem for the United States in the late 1970s?
Iranian radicals holding U.S. hostages
Which of the following was a major problem for the United States in the late 1970s?
Government programs discouraging stagflation
What did Reaganomics do?
Reduce welfare payments
What did Reaganomics do?
Deregulate industries
What did Reaganomics do?
Lower taxes for the wealthy
Why was the Reagan administration’s support for the Nicaraguan Contras damaging for Ronald Reagan’s image?
It violated a federal law banning the sale of weapons to the Contras
Why was the Reagan administration’s sale of weapons to Iran damaging for Ronald Reagan’s image?
The U.S. illegally used the money from the sales to fund Nicaraguan rebels.
How did the Iran-Contra scandal hurt Ronald Reagan’s image?
It made him look dishonest.
Which of the following ideas is a major element of trickle down economics?
Cutting taxes on businesses will encourage them to hire more workers.
Which of the following ideas is a major element of trickle down economics?
Reducing taxes on wealthy Americans will also benefit the poor.
Which of the following ideas is a major element of trickle down economics?
Cutting taxes on wealthy Americans will help businesses grow.
How did Ronald Reagan influence the Supreme Court in the 1980s?
He appointed Justices who held conservative political beliefs.
How did the Supreme Court change as a result of Ronald Reagan’s presidency?
It became more conservative.
How did the Supreme Court change as a result of Ronald Reagan’s presidency?
Its rulings became more rooted in conservative principles.
Which of the following policies was a major element of President Ronald Reagan’s foreign policy?
Increasing defense spending
President Ronald Reagan’s foreign policy was based on which of the following ideas?
The United States must maintain a stronger military than its enemies.
President Ronald Reagan’s foreign policy was based on achieving which of the following goals?
Ensuring that the U.S. military was larger than the Soviet military
Why did the United States send military forces into Grenada in 1982?
To overthrow its communist-influenced government
Why did the United States support the mujahedeen in Afghanistan during the 1980s?
To help them defeat a Soviet invasion
Why did the United States become involved in Nicaragua in the 1980s?
To support anti-communist rebel groups
9. 1.5
Which of the following was not a candidate for president in 1992?
Barack Obama
Which of the following was not a candidate for president in 1992?
John McCain
Which of the following was not a candidate for president in 1992?
Ronald Reagan
How did Ross Perot attract voters during his presidential campaign in 1992?
He used infomercials.
How did Bill Clinton attract voters during his presidential campaign in 1992?
He used talk shows
How did George H. W. Bush attract voters during his presidential campaign in 1992?
He used traditional speeches.
How did computer use change during the 1990s?
Computers became common in homes.
How did computers change during the 1990s?
Computers became more common for personal use.
How did the microchip change computers during the 1990s?
The microchip made computers smaller; they could be used in more places.
Which of these was not a result of the Internet?
An end to television
Which of these was not a result of cell phones?
The World Wide Web
Which of these was not a result of the Internet?
The use of VCRs
How did the digital divide affect education in the United States?
Students from poor neighborhoods could not take advantage of the Internet.
How did the digital divide affect the need for information in the United States?
Libraries needed to provide access to computers for those who could not afford them at home.
How did the digital divide affect life in the United States?
It created a divide between those who could afford the new technology and those who could not.
How did news media change in the 1990s?
News reports became more like entertainment.
What was “infotainment”?
News reports about famous people and scandals
Which is an example of “infotainment”?
The O. J. Simpson trial
Which of these is not a result of the invention of the microchip?
It made bigger computers.
Which invention allowed computers to be smaller?
Microchip
Which statement about personal computers in the 1990s is true?
Personal computers were more affordable.
9.2.2
How did computers function before microprocessors?
They could only perform basic calculations.
Which advancement allowed computers to become more than simple data calculators?
The microprocessor
The development of microprocessors allowed business to do what with their computers?
To gather and process data
Why is Wikipedia an unreliable source?
The information is often not cited or verified.
What is Wikipedia?
A user-created and user-edited online encyclopedia
When might a teacher recommend using Wikipedia?
To attain basic knowledge about a topic
Who has been hurt most by online competition?
Small retailers
Small businesses, like independent bookstores, have been hurt most by what?
The development of Internet shopping
The growth of Internet shopping has hurt mostly what types of businesses?
Smaller independent retail shops
What do users share on YouTube?
Videos and music
What do users share on P2P sites?
Many different files
What do users share on Wikipedia?
Information on many topics
What does JIT delivery require?
Computer inventory systems
How does JIT delivery help stores make a profit?
They can avoid having items no one wants to buy.
What skill does a worker need for JIT delivery?
The ability to use a computer
Where are most big-box stores located?
In suburban areas
What are “big-box stores”?
Stores that sell many types of items
How has shopping changed in the last two decades?
Many products are cheaper than ever.
How has the Internet changed shopping?
It has allowed for the creation of digital products.
Which of the following is not a benefit to consumers of online shopping?
Higher prices because of shipping
Which of the following is not a benefit to smaller retailers of online shopping?
Higher costs because of customer support
9.2.4
Which of these is not a petroleum product?
Paper
Which of these is not a fossil fuel?
Biodiesel
Which of these is not a renewable resource?
Coal
What event caused the United States to slow its construction of nuclear power plants in the 1980s?
The accident at Three Mile Island
Why did the United States slow its construction of nuclear power plants in the 1980s?
Americans felt less safe after the accident at Three Mile Island.
What resulted from the accident at Three Mile Island?
A decrease in the use of nuclear power
What makes solar energy “green”?
It does not pollute the air.
What makes wind energy “green”?
It does not require burning anything.
What makes geothermal energy “green”?
It does not cause pollution.
What is a problem that is created by biofuels?
Growing plants for biofuels is expensive.
What is a problem that is created by ethanol as a biofuel?
Growing corn can be bad for the soil.
What makes biodiesel more sustainable than ethanol?
Soybeans are better for the soil than corn.
Which statement is true?
Sustainable energy is energy whose source is renewable.
Which statement is true?
A sustainable energy source is one that will not run out.
Which statement is true?
Renewable energy sources such as wind are preferred because they cannot be used up.
Which of the following best describes an outcome of the 1970s oil crisis in the United States?
Americans began to realize the dangers of relying heavily on foreign fuel.
Which of the following best describes an outcome of the 1970s oil crisis in the United States?
The U.S. government increased its investment in researching alternative fuel sources.
Which of the following best describes an outcome of the 1970s oil crisis in the United States?
The United States began searching for ways to reduce the amount of oil it imported.
Which of the following would not be a way we can cut back on our use of oil?
Moving your family farther away from where you work
Which of the following would not be a way we can cut back on our use of oil?
Using more air conditioning in the summers
Which of the following would not be a way we can cut back on our use of oil?
Using more heat in the winters
9.2.6
Why was joining the WTO such a major step for China?
It forced China to be less secretive.
Why was joining the WTO such a major step for China?
The Chinese were forced to be more open about their economic actions.
Why was joining the WTO such a major step for China?
A few decades ago, China would not allow outsiders to see what it was doing.
What shipping practice made international trade easier?
Using standardized containers worldwide
How did standardized containers improve shipping?
They required less loading and unloading.
Why is a standardized container more efficient than other types of goods transport?
They can be used by different shipping partners.
What is outsourcing?
Having work done abroad
When a company hires people in another country to do work for them, it is called what?
Outsourcing
Outsourcing is when a company does what?
Has some of their work done in another country
How does supporting “fair trade” affect consumers?
They pay more for goods but enable workers to earn more money.
Which of these statements about “fair trade” is true?
The workers who produce these goods are paid more money.
How does supporting “fair trade” help consumers?
They are able to know that their purchases are not supporting unfair labor practices.
In order to reduce their labor costs, what might a company do?
Outsource some jobs to another country
Why do U.S. companies outsource jobs?
To reduce labor costs
Why might a company move its production factory from Texas to Mexico?
To take advantage of lower labor costs
What is one cause of the U.S. trade deficit?
Increased imports from China
When the United States buys more products than it sells from other countries, what is created?
A foreign trade deficit
What happens when the level of imports is greater than the level of exports?
A trade deficit
What is the WTO?
An international trade organization
Which organization is in charge of monitoring and enforcing international trade agreements?
The WTO
Which would be a responsibility of the World Trade Organization?
To monitor international trade agreements