The Tumultuous First Spanish Republic (1873-1875)
This coalition was weak, and the liberals soon divided into two factions. The more moderate group, loyal to the partnership, followed Sagasta. The more doctrinal faction, led by Ruiz Zorrilla, formed the Radical Party and joined forces with the Democrats Cimbri.
Given the government’s legislative failures, Sagasta called for new elections to try and secure a majority. The result favored the Sagastinos. However, a scandal involving the misappropriation of government property forced Sagasta to resign
Read MoreGothic Art and Architecture in the Late Middle Ages
Gothic Art and Architecture
7.1 An Urban Style
From the second quarter of the 12th century, Gothic art and architecture developed in Northern France. It was an urban style that reflected the splendor attained by the bourgeoisie and the cities, who did not hesitate to finance expensive buildings, decorating them with sculptures, paintings, and stained-glass windows.
7.2 Gothic Architecture
General Characteristics
Gothic architecture, made of stone, is characterized by the combination of three building
Read MoreThe Rise of Fascism and the Course of World War II
Fascist Aggressions
Once Hitler became Führer, he developed an aggressive foreign policy. He wanted all German-speaking nations in Europe to be part of a great Germany.
Like Nazi Germany, Italy and Japan also wanted to expand their “living space”.
Timeline of Events:
- 1931: Japan invades Manchuria (China)
- 1933: Germany leaves the League of Nations
- 1935: Italian Expansionism
- 1937: The bombing of Gernika
- 1938: Austria and Sudetenland annexation
- 1939: Invasion of Czechoslovakia.
- September 1st, 1939: Hitler
The Great War and Modern Memory: Literature, Trauma, and the Myth of the Past
The Great War (1914-1918)
Britain had been the biggest nation and had the most valuable virtues. WWI was a shock since millions of well-educated people died (the lost generation). All started with the assassination of the inheritor of the throne to the Austro-Hungarian Empire:Franz Ferdinand. He was killed in Sarajevo by the Serbian terrorist band the Black Hand in June 28, 1914. They wanted independence of Serbia, but the Austro-Hungarians decided to crush Serbian nationalismdemanding the assassins
Read MoreWorld War II: A Timeline of Events
Fascist Aggressions
Once Hitler became Führer, he developed an aggressive foreign policy. He wanted all German-speaking nations in Europe to be part of a great Germany.
Like Nazi Germany, Italy and Japan also wanted to expand their “living space”.
Timeline of Aggressions:
- 1931: Japan invades Manchuria (China)
- 1933: Germany leaves the League of Nations
- 1935: Italian Expansionism
- 1937: The bombing of Gernika*
- 1938: Austria and Sudetenland annexation
- 1939: Invasion of Czechoslovakia
- 1939: Invasion of Poland
The Arab-Israeli Conflict: Key Events and Turning Points
The War of Attrition (1968-1970)
Egypt engaged in a war of attrition against Israel across the Suez Canal. Despite Israel’s military victory, its triumph was marred by significant casualties. Israel’s air superiority led to bombing raids inside Egypt, aiming to humiliate President Nasser and cause his downfall. However, these attacks drew the USSR into the conflict, altering the Cold War equation.
The Jordanian Civil War (September 1970)
The August 1970 ceasefire alarmed the Palestinians, who feared
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